Atomic structure: AQA A‑Level Chemistry questions

Every AQA A-Level Chemistry exam question on 3.1.1 Atomic structure, 2016–2025, with its mark scheme and examiner’s report.

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2,301 questions

Q02.1
June 2025 · Paper 1
2 marks3.1.1 Atomic structure
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Q02.2
June 2025 · Paper 1
1 mark3.1.1 Atomic structure
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Q02.3
June 2025 · Paper 1
1 mark3.1.1 Atomic structure
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Q02.4
June 2025 · Paper 1
3 marks3.1.1 Atomic structure
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Q02.5
June 2025 · Paper 1
1 mark3.1.1 Atomic structure
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Q07.7
June 2025 · Paper 1
2 marks3.1.1 Atomic structure
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Q07.8
June 2025 · Paper 1
2 marks3.1.1 Atomic structure
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Q12
June 2025 · Paper 3
1 mark3.1.1 Atomic structure
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Q25
June 2025 · Paper 3
1 mark3.1.1 Atomic structure
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Q03.1
June 2025 · AS Paper 1
1 mark3.1.1 Atomic structure
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Q03.2
June 2025 · AS Paper 1
1 mark3.1.1 Atomic structure
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Q03.3
June 2025 · AS Paper 1
2 marks3.1.1 Atomic structure
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Q03.4
June 2025 · AS Paper 1
3 marks3.1.1 Atomic structure
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Q03.5
June 2025 · AS Paper 1
1 mark3.1.1 Atomic structure
Mark scheme (PDF)
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Q03.6
June 2025 · AS Paper 1
2 marks3.1.1 Atomic structure
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Q03.7
June 2025 · AS Paper 1
3 marks3.1.1 Atomic structure
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Q04.4
June 2025 · AS Paper 1
1 mark3.1.1 Atomic structure
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Q12
June 2025 · AS Paper 1
1 mark3.1.1 Atomic structure
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Q14
June 2025 · AS Paper 1
1 mark3.1.1 Atomic structure
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Q16
June 2025 · AS Paper 1
1 mark3.1.1 Atomic structure
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All 152 questions on Atomic structure, as a list

June 2025, Paper 1, Q02.1 (2 marks): Explain why beryllium is the element with the highest first ionisation energy in Group 2. [2 marks]
June 2025, Paper 1, Q02.2 (1 mark): Give an equation, including state symbols, to show the process that occurs when the second ionisation energy of beryllium is measured. [1 mark]
June 2025, Paper 1, Q02.3 (1 mark): Predict which element in Period 3 has the lowest second ionisation energy. [1 mark]
June 2025, Paper 1, Q02.4 (3 marks): Figure 1 shows a plot of log10(ionisation energy) for a Period 3 element. The ionisation energies are measured in kJ mol–1 Figure 1 Deduce the identity of this
June 2025, Paper 1, Q02.5 (1 mark): Use Figure 1 to determine the third ionisation energy, in kJ mol–1, of this element. [1 mark] kJ mol–1
June 2025, Paper 1, Q07.7 (2 marks): Compound Q is found in crude oil and has the molecular formula C33H34N4VO4 A sample of Q is ionised by electrospray ionisation in a time of flight (TOF) mass sp
June 2025, Paper 1, Q07.8 (2 marks): A sample of vanadium contains only 49V and 51V The relative atomic mass of vanadium in this sample is 50.97 Calculate the percentage abundance of 51V in this sa
June 2025, Paper 3, Q12 (1 mark): A sample of UF6 consists of molecules containing 19F and either 235U or 238U atoms. The relative molecular mass of the sample is 351.43 What is the percentage a
June 2025, Paper 3, Q25 (1 mark): Which element is in the p block in the Periodic Table? [1 mark] A Radium B Radon C Rhenium D Roentgenium
June 2025, AS Paper 1, Q03.1 (1 mark): Give the full electron configuration of a fluoride ion (F–). [1 mark]
June 2025, AS Paper 1, Q03.2 (1 mark): The Q2+ ion has electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 Identify Q. [1 mark]
June 2025, AS Paper 1, Q03.3 (2 marks): Give the meaning of the term relative atomic mass. [2 marks]
June 2025, AS Paper 1, Q03.4 (3 marks): A TOF mass spectrometer is used to determine the relative atomic mass of a metal. Explain why the sample of the metal must be ionised before passing into the fl
June 2025, AS Paper 1, Q03.5 (1 mark): State the m/z value of the ion that would be the last to reach the detector. [1 mark]
June 2025, AS Paper 1, Q03.6 (2 marks): Calculate the relative atomic mass of this sample of metal. Give your answer to 1 decimal place. [2 marks] Relative atomic mass
June 2025, AS Paper 1, Q03.7 (3 marks): These are the data for one of the isotopes in this analysis. Length of flight tube = 0.850 m Time of flight = 6.41 × 10–4 s KE = 7.59 × 10–20 J The kinetic ener
June 2025, AS Paper 1, Q04.4 (1 mark): Give an equation, including state symbols, for the process that occurs when the second ionisation energy of calcium is measured. [1 mark]
June 2025, AS Paper 1, Q12 (1 mark): Which row shows the order of discovery? [1 mark] Earliest Latest A electron neutron nucleus B electron nucleus neutron C nucleus electron neutron D nucleus neut
June 2025, AS Paper 1, Q14 (1 mark): Which Period 3 element has these successive ionisation energies? [1 mark] 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th Ionisation energy / kJ mol–1 786 1580 3230 4360 16 000 20 000
June 2025, AS Paper 1, Q16 (1 mark): Which element has atoms that contain only two unpaired electrons? [1 mark] A cobalt B magnesium C nickel D phosphorus
June 2024, Paper 1, Q01.1 (3 marks): In 1897 JJ Thomson discovered the electron. He suggested that atoms were positively charged spheres with electrons embedded within them. Figure 1 represents an
June 2024, Paper 1, Q01.2 (3 marks): Tellurium has a relative atomic mass of 127.6 Iodine has a relative atomic mass of 126.9 Define relative atomic mass. Suggest one property of tellurium that jus
June 2024, Paper 1, Q01.3 (1 mark): A sample of tellurium is analysed in a time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometer using electron impact ionisation. Give an equation, including state symbols, for t
June 2024, Paper 1, Q01.4 (5 marks): In the TOF mass spectrometer an ion of an isotope of tellurium, with mass number y, travels along a 1.25 m flight tube with a kinetic energy of 1.88 x 10–12 J T
June 2024, Paper 1, Q01.5 (1 mark): Tellurium has several other isotopes. Two of these isotopes are 126Te and 124Te A different sample of tellurium is analysed using a TOF mass spectrometer. Which
June 2024, Paper 3, Q06 (1 mark): Which row contains two species with different numbers of electrons? [1 mark] A NH3 and HF B CO32– and NO3– C H3O+ and HF2+ D CH4 and NH2–
June 2024, Paper 3, Q07 (1 mark): Which element has the highest third ionisation energy? [1 mark] A Li B Be C K D Ca
June 2024, AS Paper 1, Q02.1 (3 marks): Explain why the third ionisation energy of beryllium is much higher than the second ionisation energy of beryllium. [3 marks]
June 2024, AS Paper 1, Q06.1 (1 mark): Give the full electron configuration for Br [1 mark]
June 2024, AS Paper 1, Q06.2 (1 mark): Give an equation, including state symbols, for the process that occurs during the ionisation of bromine. [1 mark]
June 2024, AS Paper 1, Q06.3 (3 marks): Bromine exists as two isotopes, 79Br and 81Br, which exist in equal abundance. Figure 1 shows an incomplete mass spectrum for this sample of bromine. Figure 1 C
June 2024, AS Paper 1, Q06.4 (1 mark): State how the detector enables the relative abundance of each ion to be determined. [1 mark]
June 2024, AS Paper 1, Q20 (1 mark): Samples of four different substances are analysed using time of flight mass spectrometry. In each case, the samples are ionised to form ions with a single posit
June 2024, AS Paper 1, Q21 (1 mark): Which isotope has 2 more protons and 3 more neutrons than an atom of 112Cd? [1 mark] A Cd 48 115 B Sn 50 115 C Sn 50 117 D Sb 51 117
June 2024, AS Paper 1, Q22 (1 mark): Which equation shows the process that occurs during the second ionisation of magnesium? [1 mark] A Mg(g) ⟶ Mg+(g) + e– B Mg(g) ⟶ Mg2+(g) + 2 e– C Mg+(g) ⟶ Mg2+(
June 2024, AS Paper 1, Q24 (1 mark): Which atom has the greatest number of unpaired electrons? [1 mark] A P B V C Fe D Cu
June 2023, Paper 1, Q05.6 (1 mark): Explain why the second ionisation energy of calcium is greater than the first ionisation energy of calcium. [1 mark]
June 2023, Paper 1, Q07.1 (1 mark): Give the electron configuration of the Al3+ ion. [1 mark]
June 2023, Paper 1, Q09.1 (1 mark): Give the equation, including state symbols, for the formation of Sr + ions from Sr atoms by electron impact. [1 mark]
June 2023, Paper 1, Q09.2 (5 marks): A sample of strontium is analysed by TOF mass spectrometry. The sample is ionised using electron impact. The ions are accelerated to have a kinetic energy (KE)
June 2023, Paper 1, Q09.3 (2 marks): Explain how the ions are detected in the TOF mass spectrometer. State how the relative abundance of the ions is determined. [2 marks] How ions are detected How
June 2023, Paper 1, Q09.4 (3 marks): A sample of strontium contains three isotopes, 86Sr, 87Sr and 88Sr 82% of the sample is 88Sr The other isotopes are in a 1:2 ratio of 86Sr : 87Sr Calculate the
June 2023, Paper 1, Q09.5 (1 mark): Electrospray ionisation is used instead of electron impact for the ionisation of a protein in a mass spectrometry experiment. Suggest why. [1 mark]
June 2023, Paper 3, Q07 (1 mark): Which row shows the number of each fundamental particle in one 25Mg2+ ion? [1 mark] protons neutrons electrons A 12 12 10 B 14 11 12 C 12 13 10 D 12 13 12
June 2023, AS Paper 1, Q01.1 (1 mark): Give the full electron configuration of the element in Period 3 with the highest first ionisation energy. [1 mark]
June 2023, AS Paper 1, Q01.2 (1 mark): Give an equation, including state symbols, to represent the process that occurs when the second ionisation energy of sodium is measured. [1 mark]
June 2023, AS Paper 1, Q01.3 (3 marks): Table 1 shows some successive ionisation energies for an element in Period 3. Table 1 Ionisation number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ionisation energy / kJ mol–1 1000 2260 3
June 2023, AS Paper 1, Q02.5 (4 marks): A sample of strontium is made up of only three isotopes: 86Sr, 87Sr and 88Sr This sample contains 83.00% by mass of 88Sr This sample of strontium has Ar = 87.73
June 2023, AS Paper 1, Q07.1 (5 marks): Compound X is dissolved in a polar, volatile solvent and is ionised by electrospray ionisation. Each ion is accelerated so that it has a kinetic energy of 1.36
June 2023, AS Paper 1, Q07.2 (1 mark): State the meaning of the term electron impact ionisation. [1 mark]
June 2023, AS Paper 1, Q07.3 (2 marks): Identify the ion formed from this mixture that reaches the detector last. Justify your answer. [2 marks] Ion that reaches detector last Justification
June 2023, AS Paper 1, Q07.4 (2 marks): State how the ions are detected, and how the abundance of each ion is measured, in a TOF mass spectrometer. [2 marks] How ions are detected How abundance is mea
June 2023, AS Paper 1, Q09 (1 mark): Which atom contains the most neutrons? [1 mark] A 54Cr B 55Mn C 57Fe D 58Ni Use this information for Questions 10 and 11. A student completes a titration to det
June 2022, Paper 1, Q02.1 (2 marks): Define the term relative atomic mass. [2 marks]
June 2022, Paper 1, Q02.2 (2 marks): The relative atomic mass of a sample of rhenium is 186.3 Table 2 shows information about the two isotopes of rhenium in this sample. Table 2 Relative isotopic m
June 2022, Paper 1, Q02.3 (1 mark): State why the isotopes of rhenium have the same chemical properties. [1 mark]
June 2022, Paper 1, Q02.4 (5 marks): A 185Re+ ion with a kinetic energy of 1.153 × 10−13 J travels through a 1.450 m flight tube. The kinetic energy of the ion is given by the equation KE = 1 2 mv
June 2022, Paper 1, Q02.5 (2 marks): State how the relative abundance of 185Re+ is determined in a TOF mass spectrometer. [2 marks]
June 2022, Paper 1, Q05.4 (2 marks): The mass spectrum of the element phosphorus has a peak at m z = 124 Give the formula of the species responsible for this peak. [2 marks]
June 2022, Paper 3, Q06 (1 mark): Which atom in the ground state contains at least one unpaired p electron? [1 mark] A Na B Ne C O D Sc
June 2022, Paper 3, Q16 (1 mark): Which ionisation needs less energy than this process? Mg(g) → Mg+(g) + e– [1 mark] A Al(g) → Al+(g) + e– B Ar(g) → Ar+(g) + e– C Be(g) → Be+(g) + e– D Mg+(g) →
June 2022, Paper 3, Q17 (1 mark): Which statement is correct about the Group 1 elements? [1 mark] A The Cs+ ion has a more negative enthalpy of hydration than the Rb+ ion. B The enthalpy of atom
June 2022, AS Paper 1, Q01.2 (1 mark): Give an equation, including state symbols, to represent the process that occurs when the third ionisation energy of magnesium is measured. [1 mark]
June 2022, AS Paper 1, Q01.3 (2 marks): Explain why the third ionisation energy of magnesium is much higher than the second ionisation energy of magnesium. [2 marks]
June 2022, AS Paper 1, Q05 (5 marks): A sample of antimony is analysed in a time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometer and is found to contain two isotopes,121Sb and 123Sb After electron impact ionisati
June 2022, AS Paper 1, Q09 (1 mark): Which atom has two more protons and two more neutrons than Cr 24 52 ? [1 mark] A Cr 26 54 B Cr 26 56 C Fe 26 54 D Fe 26 56
June 2022, AS Paper 1, Q10 (1 mark): An atom has all its electrons in their lowest energy levels. Which atom contains only two unpaired electrons? [1 mark] A Helium B Beryllium C Oxygen D Iron
June 2022, AS Paper 1, Q11 (1 mark): The first six ionisation energies, in kJ mol–1, of an element are: 1090, 2350, 4610, 6220, 37 800, 47 000 What is the element? [1 mark] A Boron B Carbon C Nitro
June 2022, AS Paper 1, Q12 (1 mark): In which pair is the first ionisation energy of atom Y greater than that of atom X? [1 mark] Electron configuration of atom X Electron configuration of atom Y A
June 2022, AS Paper 1, Q13 (1 mark): Which statement about isotopes of an element is not correct? [1 mark] A They have the same chemical properties. B They have the same number of electrons in ions
June 2022, AS Paper 1, Q17 (1 mark): Which of these ions has the largest ionic radius? [1 mark] A S2– B Cl– C K+ D Ca2+
November 2021, Paper 1, Q02.1 (1 mark): Define the mass number of an atom. [1 mark]
November 2021, Paper 1, Q02.2 (2 marks): Complete Table 3 to show the numbers of neutrons and electrons in the species shown. [2 marks] Table 3 Number of protons Number of neutrons Number of electrons
November 2021, Paper 1, Q02.3 (3 marks): A sample of titanium contains four isotopes, 46Ti, 47Ti, 48Ti and 49Ti This sample has a relative atomic mass of 47.8 In this sample the ratio of abundance of i
November 2021, Paper 3, Q10 (1 mark): Which has the electron configuration of a noble gas? [1 mark] A H+ B O– C Se2– D Zn2+
November 2021, AS Paper 1, Q01.1 (2 marks): Figure 1 is a model proposed by Rutherford to show the structure of an atom. Figure 1 State two features of the current model that are not shown in the Rutherfo
November 2021, AS Paper 1, Q01.2 (4 marks): A sample of tin is analysed in a time of flight mass spectrometer. The sample is ionised by electron impact to form 1+ ions. Table 1 shows data about the four p
November 2021, AS Paper 1, Q11 (1 mark): In a time of flight mass spectrometer, molecule X is ionised using electrospray ionisation. What is the equation for this ionisation? [1 mark] A X(l) + e– → X+(
November 2021, AS Paper 1, Q12 (1 mark): What is the electron configuration of V2+ in the ground state? [1 mark] A 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d3 B 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d1 4s2 C 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d3 4s2 D
November 2021, AS Paper 1, Q21 (1 mark): Which atom has one more proton and two more neutrons than P 15 31 ? [1 mark] A P 16 33 B P 16 34 C S 16 33 D S 16 34
November 2021, AS Paper 1, Q23 (1 mark): Which ion has the largest radius? [1 mark] A F– B Mg2+ C Na+ D O2–
November 2021, AS Paper 1, Q24 (1 mark): Which element has a first ionisation energy lower than that of sulfur? [1 mark] A Chlorine B Oxygen C Phosphorus D Selenium
November 2021, AS Paper 1, Q25 (1 mark): The first seven successive ionisation energies for element Z are shown. What is element Z? [1 mark] A Carbon B Nitrogen C Silicon D Phosphorus
November 2020, Paper 1, Q02.1 (2 marks): Give the meaning of the term relative atomic mass. [2 marks]
November 2020, Paper 1, Q02.2 (4 marks): A sample of chromium containing the isotopes 50Cr, 52Cr and 53Cr has a relative atomic mass of 52.1 The sample contains 86.1% of the 52Cr isotope. Calculate the
November 2020, Paper 1, Q02.3 (2 marks): State, in terms of the numbers of fundamental particles, one similarity and one difference between atoms of 50Cr and 53Cr [2 marks] Similarity Difference
November 2020, Paper 1, Q02.4 (2 marks): Give two reasons why it is necessary to ionise the isotopes of chromium before they can be analysed in a TOF mass spectrometer. [2 marks] 1 2
November 2020, Paper 1, Q02.5 (5 marks): A 53Cr+ ion travels along a flight tube of length 1.25 m The ion has a constant kinetic energy (KE) of 1.102 × 10–13 J 2 = KE 2 m = mass of the ion / kg v = spe
November 2020, Paper 1, Q03.1 (1 mark): Draw a cross (x) on Figure 2 to show the second ionisation energy of silicon. [1 mark]
November 2020, Paper 1, Q03.2 (2 marks): Identify the element in Period 3, from sodium to argon, that has the highest second ionisation energy. Give an equation, including state symbols, to show the pr
November 2020, AS Paper 1, Q01.2 (1 mark): Give an equation, including state symbols, to represent the process that occurs when the third ionisation energy of sodium is measured. [1 mark]
November 2020, AS Paper 1, Q01.3 (3 marks): Figure 1 shows the successive ionisation energies of a Period 3 element, X. Figure 1 Identify element X. Explain your choice. [3 marks] Element Explanation
November 2020, AS Paper 1, Q03.1 (2 marks): Define the term relative atomic mass. [2 marks]
November 2020, AS Paper 1, Q03.2 (2 marks): A sample of krypton is ionised using electron impact. The mass spectrum of this sample of krypton has four peaks. Table 2 shows data from this spectrum. Table 2
November 2020, AS Paper 1, Q03.3 (4 marks): In a TOF mass spectrometer, ions are accelerated to the same kinetic energy (KE). The kinetic energy of an ion is given by the equation KE = 1 2 mv 2 Where: KE
November 2020, AS Paper 1, Q09 (1 mark): Which atom has the smallest number of neutrons? [1 mark] A 3H B 4He C 5He D 4Li
November 2020, AS Paper 1, Q14 (1 mark): Which is the electron configuration of an atom with only two unpaired electrons? [1 mark] A 1s2 2s2 2p3 B 1s2 2s2 2p4 C 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 D 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p
November 2020, AS Paper 1, Q15 (1 mark): Which represents the correct order of increasing radius of the ions? [1 mark] A F– O2– Li+ Be2+ B Li+ Be2+ O2– F– C Be2+ Li+ F– O2– D O2– F– Li+ Be2+
June 2019, Paper 1, Q02.1 (4 marks): Describe the process of electrospray ionisation. Give an equation to represent the ionisation of P in this process. [4 marks] Description Equation
June 2019, Paper 1, Q02.2 (1 mark): What is the relative molecular mass of P? Tick () one box. [1 mark] 555 556 557
June 2019, Paper 1, Q02.3 (5 marks): A molecule Q is ionised by electron impact in a TOF mass spectrometer. The Q+ ion has a kinetic energy of 2.09 x 10–15 J This ion takes 1.23 x 10–5 s to reach t
June 2019, Paper 3, Q14 (1 mark): Which atom has the greatest first ionisation energy? [1 mark] A H B He C Li D Ne
June 2019, AS Paper 1, Q01.1 (2 marks): Sodium fluoride contains sodium ions (Na+) and fluoride ions (F–). Na+ and F– have the same electron configuration. Explain why a fluoride ion is larger than a
June 2019, AS Paper 1, Q02.1 (3 marks): Describe how the molecules are ionised using electrospray ionisation. [3 marks]
June 2019, AS Paper 1, Q02.2 (1 mark): Give the formula of the ion that reaches the detector first in the TOF mass spectrometer. [1 mark]
June 2019, AS Paper 1, Q02.3 (1 mark): A sample of germanium is analysed in a TOF mass spectrometer using electron impact ionisation. Give an equation, including state symbols, for the process that o
June 2019, AS Paper 1, Q02.4 (5 marks): In the TOF mass spectrometer, a germanium ion reaches the detector in 4.654 × 10 –6 s The kinetic energy of this ion is 2.438 × 10 –15 J The length of the fligh
June 2019, AS Paper 1, Q03.1 (1 mark): Complete the full electron configuration of a chromium atom. [1 mark] 1s2
June 2019, AS Paper 1, Q03.2 (1 mark): An atom has 2 more protons and 3 more neutrons than an atom of 52Cr. Deduce the symbol, including the mass number and the atomic number, for this atom. [1 mark]
June 2019, AS Paper 1, Q03.3 (3 marks): A sample of chromium contains four isotopes and has a relative atomic mass of 52.09 Table 2 shows the mass number and the percentage abundance of three of these
June 2019, AS Paper 1, Q04 (6 marks): The first ionisation energies of the elements in Period 2 change as the atomic number increases. Explain the pattern in the first ionisation energies of the ele
June 2018, Paper 1, Q04.1 (1 mark): Give the full electron configuration for the calcium ion, Ca2+ [1 mark]
June 2018, Paper 1, Q04.2 (2 marks): Explain why the second ionisation energy of calcium is lower than the second ionisation energy of potassium. [2 marks]
June 2018, Paper 1, Q04.3 (1 mark): Identify the s-block metal that has the highest first ionisation energy. [1 mark]
June 2018, Paper 1, Q04.6 (4 marks): A sample of strontium has a relative atomic mass of 87.7 and consists of three isotopes, 86Sr, 87Sr and 88Sr In this sample, the ratio of abundances of the isot
June 2018, Paper 1, Q04.7 (1 mark): A time of flight (TOF) mass spectrum was obtained for a sample of barium that contains the isotopes 136Ba, 137Ba and 138Ba The sample of barium was ionised by e
June 2018, Paper 1, Q04.8 (5 marks): A 137Ba+ ion travels through the flight tube of a TOF mass spectrometer with a kinetic energy of 3.65 × 10–16 J This ion takes 2.71 × 10–5 s to reach the detect
June 2018, Paper 3, Q07 (1 mark): What conclusion can be drawn from the detection of He2+ particles at point P? [1 mark] A Gold atoms contain electrons. B Gold atoms contain protons. C Gold atom
June 2018, Paper 3, Q08 (1 mark): What conclusion can be drawn from the detection of He2+ particles at point Q? [1 mark] A Gold atoms have a small, positive nucleus. B Gold atoms have electrons
June 2018, AS Paper 1, Q01.1 (2 marks): State two differences between the ‘plum pudding’ model and the model of atomic structure used today. [2 marks] 1 2
June 2018, AS Paper 1, Q01.2 (1 mark): Deduce the full electron configuration of an atom of element R. [1 mark]
June 2018, AS Paper 1, Q01.3 (1 mark): Identify R and deduce the formula of the compound formed when R reacts with the Group 2 metal in the same period as R. [1 mark]
June 2018, AS Paper 1, Q02.4 (3 marks): Identify the diagram in Figure 2 that shows the correct relative sizes of the ions in sodium fluoride. Justify your answer. [3 marks] Figure 2 Diagram Justifica
June 2018, AS Paper 1, Q08.1 (5 marks): The 79Br+ ions took 6.69 x 10–4 s to travel through the flight tube. Calculate the mass, in kg, of one ion of 79Br+ Calculate the time taken for the 81Br+ ions
June 2018, AS Paper 1, Q08.2 (2 marks): Explain how ions are detected and relative abundance is measured in a TOF mass spectrometer. [2 marks]
June 2017, Paper 1, Q04.1 (2 marks): Calculate the relative atomic mass of titanium in this sample. Give your answer to one decimal place. [2 marks Relative atomic mass of titanium in this sample
June 2017, Paper 1, Q04.2 (2 marks): Write an equation, including state symbols, to show how an atom of titanium is ionised by electron impact and give the m/z value of the ion that would reach the
June 2017, Paper 1, Q04.3 (1 mark): Calculate the mass, in kg, of one atom of 49Ti The Avogadro constant L = 6.022 × 1023 mol−1 [1 mark Mass kg
June 2017, Paper 1, Q04.4 (3 marks): In a TOF mass spectrometer the time of flight, t, of an ion is shown by the equation t = E m d 2 In this equation d is the length of the flight tube, m is the m
June 2017, AS Paper 1, Q01.1 (2 marks): Write the full electron configuration for each of the following species. [2 mark Cl− Fe2+
June 2017, AS Paper 1, Q01.2: Write an equation, including state symbols, to represent the process that occurs when the third ionisation energy of manganese is measured. [1 mar
June 2017, AS Paper 1, Q01.4 (3 marks): A sample of nickel was analysed in a time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometer. The sample was ionised by electron impact ionisation. The spectrum produced showed
June 2017, AS Paper 1, Q12: Which statement about time of flight mass spectrometry is correct? [1 mar A The current in the detector is proportional to the ion abundance B Sample particles
June 2017, AS Paper 1, Q13: Chlorine exists as two isotopes 35Cl and 37Cl in the ratio 3:1 Which statement about peaks in the mass spectrum of Cl2 is correct? [1 mar A Peaks at m/z = 70 an
June 2016, AS Paper 1, Q01.1 (2 marks): Give the full electron configuration of an Al atom and of a Cr3+ ion. [2 marks Al atom Cr3+ ion
June 2016, AS Paper 1, Q01.2 (1 mark): Deduce the formula of the ion that has a charge of 2+ with the same electron configuration as krypton. [1 mark
June 2016, AS Paper 1, Q01.3 (1 mark): Deduce the formula of the compound that contains 2+ ions and 3− ions that both have the same electron configuration as argon. [1 mark 2 This question is about P
June 2016, AS Paper 1, Q02.1 (2 marks): Deduce which of Na+ and Mg2+ is the smaller ion. Explain your answer. [2 marks Smaller ion Explanation
June 2016, AS Paper 1, Q02.2 (1 mark): Write an equation to represent the process that occurs when the first ionisation energy for sodium is measured. [1 mark
June 2016, AS Paper 1, Q06.1 (3 marks): Explain how ions are accelerated, detected and have their abundance determined in a time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometer. [3 marks
June 2016, AS Paper 1, Q06.2 (1 mark): Calculate the mass, in kg, of a single 52Cr+ ion. Assume that the mass of a 52Cr+ ion is the same as that of a 52Cr atom. (The Avogadro constant L = 6.022 x 102
June 2016, AS Paper 1, Q06.3 (2 marks): In a TOF mass spectrometer the kinetic energy (KE) of a 52Cr+ ion was 1.269 x 10−13 J Calculate the velocity of the ion using the equation. KE= 1 2mv2 (m = mass
June 2016, AS Paper 1, Q06.4 (2 marks): Bromine has two isotopes, 79Br and 81Br, in approximately equal abundance. In a TOF mass spectrometer bromine forms ions with formula [Br2]+ Sketch the pattern
June 2016, AS Paper 1, Q06.5 (4 marks): A sample of xenon has Ar = 131.31. The sample consists of four isotopes. The abundances of three of the isotopes are shown in Table 3. The data for one of the i
June 2016, AS Paper 1, Q13 (1 mark): Ions of two isotopes of iron are 53Fe2+ 56Fe2+ Which statement is correct? [1 mark A The ions of both the isotopes have the electronic configuration 1s22s22p63s
June 2016, AS Paper 1, Q14: The successive ionisation energies for element X are shown in Figure 3. Which element is X? [1 mar A Nitrogen B Phosphorus C Aluminium D Boron 0 5000 10000 1500
Specimen, Paper 1, Q01.2 (1 mark): State the full electron configuration of a cobalt(II) ion. [1 mark] 0 1 . 2
Specimen, Paper 1, Q07.1: Which element is calcium? [1 mar X Y Z
Specimen, Paper 1, Q07.2: Which element is vanadium? [1 mar X Y Z 9
Specimen, Paper 1, Q07.3 (1 mark): Justify your choice of vanadium in Question 7.2 [1 mark 0 7 . 3
Specimen, Paper 2, Q03.7 (2 marks): Mr =
Specimen, Paper 3, Q06: Which change requires the largest amount of energy? [1 mar A He+(g) He2+(g) + e– B Li(g) Li+(g) + e– C Mg+(g) Mg2+(g) + e– D N(g) N+(g) + e– 0 6

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