plumiThe Haber process and the use of NPK fertilisers: AQA GCSE Chemistry questions
Every AQA GCSE Chemistry exam question on 4.10.4 The Haber process and the use of NPK fertilisers, 2018–2025, with its mark scheme and examiner’s report.
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Q09.4
The whole paper ↗![June 2025 Paper 2 Higher, question 09.4: The nitrogen needed in the Haber process is obtained from air. Calculate the approximate volume of air required to obtain 50 dm3 of nitrogen. [2 marks] Volume ~](https://pub-e8a9dbab8e2a4d089f52b2a45e0d0b50.r2.dev/bank/84622h-jun25-09-4-qp.webp)
Q09.5
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Q09.6
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Q04.1
The whole paper ↗![June 2025 Paper 2 Foundation, question 04.1: Draw one line from each element to a source of that element. [2 marks] Element Source of element Nitrogen Hydrogen Air Clay Limestone Natural gas Sand](https://pub-e8a9dbab8e2a4d089f52b2a45e0d0b50.r2.dev/bank/84622f-jun25-04-1-qp.webp)
Q04.2
The whole paper ↗![June 2025 Paper 2 Foundation, question 04.2: Which process takes place at X in Figure 3? [1 mark] Tick () one box. Cooling Filtering Melting](https://pub-e8a9dbab8e2a4d089f52b2a45e0d0b50.r2.dev/bank/84622f-jun25-04-2-qp.webp)
Q04.3
The whole paper ↗![June 2025 Paper 2 Foundation, question 04.3: Complete the sentence. Use Figure 3. [1 mark] The iron in the reactor is used as a .](https://pub-e8a9dbab8e2a4d089f52b2a45e0d0b50.r2.dev/bank/84622f-jun25-04-3-qp.webp)
Q04.4
The whole paper ↗![June 2025 Paper 2 Foundation, question 04.4: How did the world production of ammonia change between 1990 and 2020? Use Table 1. [1 mark]](https://pub-e8a9dbab8e2a4d089f52b2a45e0d0b50.r2.dev/bank/84622f-jun25-04-4-qp.webp)
Q04.5
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Q04.6
The whole paper ↗![June 2025 Paper 2 Foundation, question 04.6: Which is a reason for the change in the world production of ammonia shown in Table 1? [1 mark] Tick () one box. Change in amount of acid rain Change in global](https://pub-e8a9dbab8e2a4d089f52b2a45e0d0b50.r2.dev/bank/84622f-jun25-04-6-qp.webp)
Q04.7
The whole paper ↗![June 2025 Paper 2 Foundation, question 04.7: Fertilisers produced using ammonia contain nitrogen. Which two compounds used in fertilisers contain nitrogen? Use the periodic table. [2 marks] Tick () two bo](https://pub-e8a9dbab8e2a4d089f52b2a45e0d0b50.r2.dev/bank/84622f-jun25-04-7-qp.webp)
Q02.1
The whole paper ↗![June 2024 Paper 2 Higher, question 02.1: Pipe P links the condenser to the reactor. Why is the condenser linked to the reactor? Use Figure 1. [1 mark]](https://pub-e8a9dbab8e2a4d089f52b2a45e0d0b50.r2.dev/bank/84622h-jun24-02-1-qp.webp)
Q02.2
The whole paper ↗![June 2024 Paper 2 Higher, question 02.2: Which metal is used as a catalyst in this reaction? [1 mark]](https://pub-e8a9dbab8e2a4d089f52b2a45e0d0b50.r2.dev/bank/84622h-jun24-02-2-qp.webp)
Q02.4
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Q02.5
The whole paper ↗![June 2024 Paper 2 Higher, question 02.5: How would Figure 2 be different if no catalyst was used? [1 mark] Tick () one box. The final energy level would be higher. The final energy level would be lowe](https://pub-e8a9dbab8e2a4d089f52b2a45e0d0b50.r2.dev/bank/84622h-jun24-02-5-qp.webp)
Q02.6
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Q09.1
The whole paper ↗![June 2024 Paper 2 Foundation, question 09.1: Pipe P links the condenser to the reactor. Why is the condenser linked to the reactor? Use Figure 10. [1 mark]](https://pub-e8a9dbab8e2a4d089f52b2a45e0d0b50.r2.dev/bank/84622f-jun24-09-1-qp.webp)
Q09.2
The whole paper ↗![June 2024 Paper 2 Foundation, question 09.2: Which metal is used as a catalyst in this reaction? [1 mark]](https://pub-e8a9dbab8e2a4d089f52b2a45e0d0b50.r2.dev/bank/84622f-jun24-09-2-qp.webp)
Q09.4
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Q09.5
The whole paper ↗![June 2024 Paper 2 Foundation, question 09.5: How would Figure 11 be different if no catalyst was used? [1 mark] Tick () one box. The final energy level would be higher. The final energy level would be low](https://pub-e8a9dbab8e2a4d089f52b2a45e0d0b50.r2.dev/bank/84622f-jun24-09-5-qp.webp)
Q09.6
The whole paper ↗
All 62 questions on The Haber process and the use of NPK fertilisers, as a list
- June 2025, Paper 2 Higher, Q09.4 (2 marks): The nitrogen needed in the Haber process is obtained from air. Calculate the approximate volume of air required to obtain 50 dm3 of nitrogen. [2 marks] Volume ~
- June 2025, Paper 2 Higher, Q09.5 (3 marks): Figure 9 shows how ammonia is produced from nitrogen and hydrogen. Figure 9 Explain how the mixture of ammonia, nitrogen and hydrogen is separated at X. [3 mark
- June 2025, Paper 2 Higher, Q09.6 (3 marks): Ammonia is used to produce fertilisers. Nitrogen is released into the air when bacteria break down fertilisers and dead plant matter. One of the reactions durin
- June 2025, Paper 2 Foundation, Q04.1 (2 marks): Draw one line from each element to a source of that element. [2 marks] Element Source of element Nitrogen Hydrogen Air Clay Limestone Natural gas Sand
- June 2025, Paper 2 Foundation, Q04.2 (1 mark): Which process takes place at X in Figure 3? [1 mark] Tick () one box. Cooling Filtering Melting
- June 2025, Paper 2 Foundation, Q04.3 (1 mark): Complete the sentence. Use Figure 3. [1 mark] The iron in the reactor is used as a .
- June 2025, Paper 2 Foundation, Q04.4 (1 mark): How did the world production of ammonia change between 1990 and 2020? Use Table 1. [1 mark]
- June 2025, Paper 2 Foundation, Q04.5 (4 marks): Determine the mean change in mass of ammonia produced per year between 2000 and 2020. Use Table 1 and the equation: mean change in mass produced per year = chan
- June 2025, Paper 2 Foundation, Q04.6 (1 mark): Which is a reason for the change in the world production of ammonia shown in Table 1? [1 mark] Tick () one box. Change in amount of acid rain Change in global
- June 2025, Paper 2 Foundation, Q04.7 (2 marks): Fertilisers produced using ammonia contain nitrogen. Which two compounds used in fertilisers contain nitrogen? Use the periodic table. [2 marks] Tick () two bo
- June 2024, Paper 2 Higher, Q02.1 (1 mark): Pipe P links the condenser to the reactor. Why is the condenser linked to the reactor? Use Figure 1. [1 mark]
- June 2024, Paper 2 Higher, Q02.2 (1 mark): Which metal is used as a catalyst in this reaction? [1 mark]
- June 2024, Paper 2 Higher, Q02.4 (2 marks): Complete the reaction profile for the catalysed reaction in Figure 2. You should: • label the activation energy • label the reactants and products, using the na
- June 2024, Paper 2 Higher, Q02.5 (1 mark): How would Figure 2 be different if no catalyst was used? [1 mark] Tick () one box. The final energy level would be higher. The final energy level would be lowe
- June 2024, Paper 2 Higher, Q02.6 (1 mark): Ammonia and nitric acid react to produce the salt, ammonium nitrate. Ammonium ions and nitrate ions both contain nitrogen. Suggest one use of ammonium nitrate.
- June 2024, Paper 2 Foundation, Q09.1 (1 mark): Pipe P links the condenser to the reactor. Why is the condenser linked to the reactor? Use Figure 10. [1 mark]
- June 2024, Paper 2 Foundation, Q09.2 (1 mark): Which metal is used as a catalyst in this reaction? [1 mark]
- June 2024, Paper 2 Foundation, Q09.4 (2 marks): Complete the reaction profile for the catalysed reaction in Figure 11. You should: • label the activation energy • label the reactants and products, using the n
- June 2024, Paper 2 Foundation, Q09.5 (1 mark): How would Figure 11 be different if no catalyst was used? [1 mark] Tick () one box. The final energy level would be higher. The final energy level would be low
- June 2024, Paper 2 Foundation, Q09.6 (1 mark): Ammonia and nitric acid react to produce the salt, ammonium nitrate. Ammonium ions and nitrate ions both contain nitrogen. Suggest one use of ammonium nitrate.
- June 2023, Paper 2 Higher, Q10.2 (1 mark): How is potassium chloride (compound A) obtained from the Earth? [1 mark]
- June 2023, Paper 2 Higher, Q10.3 (1 mark): Name one other compound that could be used instead of potassium chloride (compound A) to give a similar improvement in agricultural productivity. [1 mark]
- June 2023, Paper 2 Higher, Q10.4 (1 mark): Nitric acid is needed to produce ammonium nitrate (compound B). Name a compound needed to produce nitric acid. [1 mark]
- June 2023, Paper 2 Higher, Q10.5 (1 mark): Phosphate rock contains phosphorus compounds. Plants absorb phosphorus from compounds dissolved in rainwater. Suggest why phosphate rock cannot be used directly
- June 2023, Paper 2 Higher, Q10.6 (2 marks): Phosphate rock can be treated with different acids to produce salts useful as fertilisers. Name the salts which are produced by treating phosphate rock with: •
- June 2022, Paper 2 Higher, Q07.1 (2 marks): Give the sources of the nitrogen and of the hydrogen used in the Haber process. [2 marks] Nitrogen Hydrogen
- June 2022, Paper 2 Higher, Q07.2 (1 mark): How does the equation for the reaction show that the atom economy of the forward reaction is 100%? [1 mark]
- June 2022, Paper 2 Higher, Q07.3 (2 marks): Figure 4 represents the Haber process. Figure 4 Explain how the ammonia produced is separated from the unreacted nitrogen and hydrogen in X. [2 marks]
- June 2022, Paper 2 Higher, Q07.4 (4 marks): Complete Figure 5. The first two points have been plotted. You should: • use a suitable scale for the x-axis • plot the remaining data from Table 6 • draw a lin
- June 2022, Paper 2 Higher, Q07.5 (2 marks): Determine the percentage yield of ammonia at 450 °C and 500 atmospheres. Show your working on Figure 5. [2 marks] Percentage yield = %
- June 2022, Paper 2 Foundation, Q05.1 (2 marks): Draw one line from each raw material to the source of that raw material. [2 marks] Raw material Source of raw material Nitrogen Hydrogen Air Clay Limestone Natu
- June 2022, Paper 2 Foundation, Q05.2 (1 mark): What are the states of nitrogen and of hydrogen when used in the Haber process? [1 mark] Tick () one box. State of nitrogen State of hydrogen Gas Gas Gas Liqui
- June 2022, Paper 2 Foundation, Q05.3 (1 mark): The word equation for the production of ammonia is: nitrogen + hydrogen ⇌ ammonia The atom economy of the reaction is 100%. How does the word equation show that
- June 2022, Paper 2 Foundation, Q05.4 (2 marks): Figure 5 represents the Haber process. Figure 5 A mixture of nitrogen, hydrogen and ammonia enters X. Complete the sentences. Choose answers from the box. [2 ma
- June 2022, Paper 2 Foundation, Q05.5 (3 marks): Plot the data from Table 8 on Figure 6. Draw a line of best fit. [3 marks] Figure 6
- June 2022, Paper 2 Foundation, Q05.6 (1 mark): What is the effect of increasing the pressure on the percentage yield of ammonia? Use Table 8. [1 mark]
- June 2022, Paper 2 Foundation, Q07.1 (1 mark): Complete the sentence. Choose the answer from the box. [1 mark] hydrochloric acid nitric acid sulfuric acid Ammonium nitrate is produced by reacting ammonia wit
- June 2022, Paper 2 Foundation, Q07.2 (2 marks): Ammonium nitrate fertiliser is sold in 600 kg bags. A farmer spreads 40 bags of ammonium nitrate fertiliser on land with an area of 800 000 m2. Calculate the ma
- June 2022, Paper 2 Foundation, Q07.3 (1 mark): A scientist works for a company which makes ammonium nitrate fertiliser. The scientist investigates the effect of different fertilisers on crop growth. The scie
- June 2022, Paper 2 Foundation, Q07.4 (1 mark): How many atoms of nitrogen are in the formula K2NH4PO4? [1 mark]
- June 2022, Paper 2 Foundation, Q07.5 (1 mark): Nitrogen and potassium in the fertiliser K2NH4PO4 are important for good crop growth. Which other element in the fertiliser K2NH4PO4 is important for good crop
- June 2022, Paper 2 Foundation, Q07.6 (1 mark): Some fertilisers are mixtures of different compounds in fixed proportions. What name is given to a mixture of different compounds in fixed proportions? [1 mark]
- November 2021, Paper 2 Higher, Q05.1 (2 marks): Which two compounds each contain two of these elements? [2 marks] Tick () two boxes. Ammonium nitrate Ammonium phosphate Calcium chloride Calcium phosphate Pot
- November 2021, Paper 2 Higher, Q05.2 (2 marks): Rocks containing calcium phosphate are treated with acid to produce soluble salts that can be used as fertilisers. Name the soluble salts produced when calcium
- November 2021, Paper 2 Higher, Q05.3 (4 marks): Ammonium sulfate is a compound in fertilisers. Ammonium sulfate can be made using an industrial process or in the laboratory. In the industrial process, the fol
- November 2020, Paper 2 Foundation, Q01.1 (1 mark): What does the symbol ⇌ show about the reaction? [1 mark]
- November 2020, Paper 2 Foundation, Q01.2 (1 mark): Which catalyst is used when ammonia is produced from nitrogen and hydrogen? [1 mark] Tick () one box. Chlorine Iron Oxygen
- November 2020, Paper 2 Foundation, Q01.3 (1 mark): Figure 1 shows the reaction profile for the production of ammonia both with a catalyst and without a catalyst. Figure 1 What is represented by label X? [1 mark]
- November 2020, Paper 2 Foundation, Q01.4 (2 marks): Draw a bar chart on Figure 2 to show the percentages of phosphorus and of potassium in this fertiliser. [2 marks] Figure 2
- November 2020, Paper 2 Foundation, Q01.5 (1 mark): Why do the percentages of phosphorus and of potassium in this fertiliser not add up to 100%? [1 mark]
- November 2020, Paper 2 Foundation, Q01.6 (1 mark): Plants lacking essential elements do not grow well because: • too little phosphorus can cause slow plant growth • too little potassium can cause leaves to have
- November 2020, Paper 2 Foundation, Q01.7 (1 mark): Which fertiliser has the greatest total percentage of essential elements? Use Table 1. [1 mark] Tick () one box. A B C D
- June 2018, Paper 2 Higher, Q03.1 (1 mark): Gas X in Figure 3 is obtained from methane. Name gas X. [1 mark]
- June 2018, Paper 2 Higher, Q03.2 (2 marks): Give the approximate temperature and pressure used in the reactor. [2 marks] Temperature Pressure
- June 2018, Paper 2 Higher, Q03.3 (1 mark): The mixture of gases from the reactor cools in the condenser. Suggest why ammonia condenses but the other gases do not. [1 mark]
- Specimen, Paper 2 Higher, Q08.1 (1 mark): Ammonium nitrate is used in fertilisers. Name the two compounds used to manufacture ammonium nitrate. [1 mark
- Specimen, Paper 2 Higher, Q08.2 (2 marks): A fertiliser contains the following information on the label: NPK value = 14 : 11 : 11 Explain why this information is useful to farmers. [2 marks
- Specimen, Paper 2 Higher, Q08.3 (3 marks): Figure 8 shows worldwide ammonia production and world population from 1950 to 2010. Figure 8 Use Figure 8 and your knowledge to explain the relationship between
- Specimen, Paper 2 Foundation, Q07.1 (1 mark): Nitrogen and hydrogen are passed over iron to produce ammonia in the Haber Process. Balance the equation for the reaction. [1 mark] N2 + H2 → NH3
- Specimen, Paper 2 Foundation, Q07.2 (1 mark): What is iron used for in the Haber process? [1 mark] Tick one box. catalyst fuel monomer reactant 9
- Specimen, Paper 2 Foundation, Q07.3 (1 mark): Figure 8 shows how the percentage yield of ammonia changes with pressure. Figure 8 Describe the trend shown in Figure 8. [1 mark]
- Specimen, Paper 2 Foundation, Q07.4 (2 marks): Use Figure 8 to determine the difference in percentage yield of ammonia at 150 atmospheres pressure and 250 atmospheres pressure. [2 marks] Difference in percen
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