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Sexual reproduction in humans: Eduqas A‑Level Biology questions

Every Eduqas A-Level Biology exam question on 2.3 Sexual reproduction in humans, 2016–2025, with its mark scheme and examiner’s report.

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2,061 questions

  1. Q1(a)

    June 2025 · Component 2

    3 marks2.3 Sexual reproduction in humans
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2025 Component 2, question 1(a): Using some of the letters A–E from Image 1.1 complete Table 1.2 to identify the site of the following processes. Letters may be used once, more than once or not

  2. Q1(b)(i)

    June 2025 · Component 2

    2 marks2.3 Sexual reproduction in humans
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2025 Component 2, question 1(b)(i): Hormone X stimulates the production of milk by the mammary glands. Hormone Y stimulates the release of milk from the breast. It also stimulates the contraction

  3. Q1(b)(ii)

    June 2025 · Component 2

    1 mark2.3 Sexual reproduction in humans
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2025 Component 2, question 1(b)(ii): When the baby starts to feed from the mother there is increased secretion of these two hormones. Suggest how this is an example of positive feedback. [1] Table

  4. Q1(a)(i)

    June 2024 · Component 2

    2 marks2.3 Sexual reproduction in humans
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 Component 2, question 1(a)(i): During pregnancy, the placenta secretes the hormone oestrogen. State two effects of oestrogen on the mother’s body.  [2] During human placental development, ma

  5. Q1(a)(ii)

    June 2024 · Component 2

    2 marks2.3 Sexual reproduction in humans
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 Component 2, question 1(a)(ii): Suggest how this adaptation improves exchange in the placenta.  [2]

  6. Q1(b)(i)

    June 2024 · Component 2

    1 mark2.3 Sexual reproduction in humans
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 Component 2, question 1(b)(i): Gestational age (age of the developing foetus) is measured in weeks, from the first day of the woman’s last menstrual cycle to the current date. A normal pregna

  7. Q1(b)(ii)

    June 2024 · Component 2

    1 mark2.3 Sexual reproduction in humans
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 Component 2, question 1(b)(ii): Explain why standard deviation is used rather than the range.  [1] The dimensions of the placenta can be found using scans.

  8. Q1(b)(iii)

    June 2024 · Component 2

    4 marks2.3 Sexual reproduction in humans
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 Component 2, question 1(b)(iii): The volume of a placenta was found to be 1227 cm3, with a diameter of 25 cm. I. Use the following formula to find the thickness of the placenta. Assume the plac

  9. Q1(b)(iv)

    June 2024 · Component 2

    3 marks2.3 Sexual reproduction in humans
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 Component 2, question 1(b)(iv): It was concluded that using placental thickness is an accurate way of predicting the trimester but not the gestational age in weeks of a foetus. Use the informa

  10. Q1(c)(i)

    June 2024 · Component 2

    1 mark2.3 Sexual reproduction in humans3.2 Adaptations for transport
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 Component 2, question 1(c)(i): Identify the type of blood vessels labelled A and B. [1] A  B 

  11. Q1(c)(ii)

    June 2024 · Component 2

    1 mark2.3 Sexual reproduction in humans
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 Component 2, question 1(c)(ii): Using the letters A or B, complete Table 1.4 by identifying which blood vessel has the higher concentration of the following molecules.  [1] Table 1.4 Molecule

  12. Q1(d)(i)

    June 2024 · Component 2

    1 mark2.3 Sexual reproduction in humans
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 Component 2, question 1(d)(i): oxytocin during birth;  [1]

  13. Q1(d)(ii)

    June 2024 · Component 2

    1 mark2.3 Sexual reproduction in humans
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 Component 2, question 1(d)(ii): prolactin after birth. [1]

  14. Q4(a)(i)

    June 2023 · Component 2

    2 marks2.3 Sexual reproduction in humans
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2023 Component 2, question 4(a)(i): The heads of the spermatozoa are clustered around specific cells. Name the cells that the spermatozoa are clustered around and state their function. [2]

  15. Q4(a)(ii)

    June 2023 · Component 2

    3 marks2.3 Sexual reproduction in humans2.2 Genetic information is copied and passed on to daughter cells
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2023 Component 2, question 4(a)(ii): Explain why both mitosis and meiosis are involved in the production of spermatozoa. [3]

  16. Q4(b)(i)

    June 2023 · Component 2

    1 mark2.3 Sexual reproduction in humans
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2023 Component 2, question 4(b)(i): State the name of the cells in the testes that secrete testosterone. [1] Testosterone is a steroid hormone. Its formula is C19 H28 O2. Its structure is shown in

  17. Q4(c)

    June 2023 · Component 2

    3 marks2.3 Sexual reproduction in humans
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2023 Component 2, question 4(c): It is estimated that one gram of testis tissue produces 400 000 sperm every hour. If a man has 2 500 000 sperm in 1cm3 of his ejaculate and his testes have a to

  18. Q4(d)(ii)

    June 2023 · Component 2

    2 marks2.3 Sexual reproduction in humans
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2023 Component 2, question 4(d)(ii): Use Image 4.3 to describe what happens to the volume of the nucleus and the cytoplasm during maturation and suggest why this occurs. [2]

  19. Q4(d)(iii)

    June 2023 · Component 2

    1 mark2.3 Sexual reproduction in humans
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2023 Component 2, question 4(d)(iii): On contact with the zona pellucida, the acrosome reaction occurs. One of the hydrolytic enzymes released from the acrosome is acrosin. It is stored in the acros

  20. Q4(e)(i)

    June 2023 · Component 2

    3 marks2.3 Sexual reproduction in humans
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2023 Component 2, question 4(e)(i): Use the information given in Table 4.4 to suggest what conclusions could be made about the role of acrosin. Explain your answer. [3] This experiment was perform
All 52 questions on Sexual reproduction in humans, as a list
  1. June 2025, Component 2, Q1(a) (3 marks): Using some of the letters A–E from Image 1.1 complete Table 1.2 to identify the site of the following processes. Letters may be used once, more than once or not
  2. June 2025, Component 2, Q1(b)(i) (2 marks): Hormone X stimulates the production of milk by the mammary glands. Hormone Y stimulates the release of milk from the breast. It also stimulates the contraction
  3. June 2025, Component 2, Q1(b)(ii) (1 mark): When the baby starts to feed from the mother there is increased secretion of these two hormones. Suggest how this is an example of positive feedback. [1] Table
  4. June 2024, Component 2, Q1(a)(i) (2 marks): During pregnancy, the placenta secretes the hormone oestrogen. State two effects of oestrogen on the mother’s body.  [2] During human placental development, ma
  5. June 2024, Component 2, Q1(a)(ii) (2 marks): Suggest how this adaptation improves exchange in the placenta.  [2]
  6. June 2024, Component 2, Q1(b)(i) (1 mark): Gestational age (age of the developing foetus) is measured in weeks, from the first day of the woman’s last menstrual cycle to the current date. A normal pregna
  7. June 2024, Component 2, Q1(b)(ii) (1 mark): Explain why standard deviation is used rather than the range.  [1] The dimensions of the placenta can be found using scans.
  8. June 2024, Component 2, Q1(b)(iii) (4 marks): The volume of a placenta was found to be 1227 cm3, with a diameter of 25 cm. I. Use the following formula to find the thickness of the placenta. Assume the plac
  9. June 2024, Component 2, Q1(b)(iv) (3 marks): It was concluded that using placental thickness is an accurate way of predicting the trimester but not the gestational age in weeks of a foetus. Use the informa
  10. June 2024, Component 2, Q1(c)(i) (1 mark): Identify the type of blood vessels labelled A and B. [1] A  B 
  11. June 2024, Component 2, Q1(c)(ii) (1 mark): Using the letters A or B, complete Table 1.4 by identifying which blood vessel has the higher concentration of the following molecules.  [1] Table 1.4 Molecule
  12. June 2024, Component 2, Q1(d)(i) (1 mark): oxytocin during birth;  [1]
  13. June 2024, Component 2, Q1(d)(ii) (1 mark): prolactin after birth. [1]
  14. June 2023, Component 2, Q4(a)(i) (2 marks): The heads of the spermatozoa are clustered around specific cells. Name the cells that the spermatozoa are clustered around and state their function. [2]
  15. June 2023, Component 2, Q4(a)(ii) (3 marks): Explain why both mitosis and meiosis are involved in the production of spermatozoa. [3]
  16. June 2023, Component 2, Q4(b)(i) (1 mark): State the name of the cells in the testes that secrete testosterone. [1] Testosterone is a steroid hormone. Its formula is C19 H28 O2. Its structure is shown in
  17. June 2023, Component 2, Q4(c) (3 marks): It is estimated that one gram of testis tissue produces 400 000 sperm every hour. If a man has 2 500 000 sperm in 1cm3 of his ejaculate and his testes have a to
  18. June 2023, Component 2, Q4(d)(ii) (2 marks): Use Image 4.3 to describe what happens to the volume of the nucleus and the cytoplasm during maturation and suggest why this occurs. [2]
  19. June 2023, Component 2, Q4(d)(iii) (1 mark): On contact with the zona pellucida, the acrosome reaction occurs. One of the hydrolytic enzymes released from the acrosome is acrosin. It is stored in the acros
  20. June 2023, Component 2, Q4(e)(i) (3 marks): Use the information given in Table 4.4 to suggest what conclusions could be made about the role of acrosin. Explain your answer. [3] This experiment was perform
  21. June 2023, Component 2, Q4(e)(ii) (1 mark): State where fertilisation normally occurs in a mammal. [1]
  22. June 2023, Component 2, Q4(e)(iii) (3 marks): An acrosin inhibitor has been suggested as a form of contraception. Explain how a non-competitive inhibitor could act on acrosin to prevent fertilisation. [3]
  23. June 2023, Component 2, Q8 (9 marks): Graphs 8.1–8.4 show the concentrations of four hormones found in the plasma of a mature ewe (female sheep). The hormone concentrations are plotted over a time p
  24. June 2022, Component 2, Q3(a)(i) (3 marks): Using some of the letters A – G from Image 3.1 complete the table below to identify the site of the following: [3] Letter FSH and LH control the development and
  25. June 2022, Component 2, Q3(a)(ii) (1 mark): Explain how the function of the structure labelled G is different in male and female mammals. [1]
  26. June 2022, Component 2, Q3(a)(iii) (3 marks): Structure B contains epithelial tissue similar to that found in the trachea. Name the type of epithelium found in both B and the trachea and describe the functi
  27. June 2022, Component 2, Q3(b)(i) (2 marks): Explain why the cell harvested from the Graafian follicle is a secondary oocyte and not a female gamete (ovum). [2]
  28. June 2022, Component 2, Q3(b)(ii) (2 marks): Describe how the entry of more than one sperm nucleus into the secondary oocyte (Image 3.2 A) would be prevented. [2]
  29. June 2022, Component 2, Q3(b)(iii) (2 marks): In some cases, IVF using the method shown in Image 3.2 A is not successful. Suggest why the type of IVF shown in Image 3.2 B has a higher rate of success in pro
  30. June 2022, Component 2, Q3(b)(iv) (2 marks): The first polar body contains the same number of chromosomes as the secondary oocyte, but hardly any cytoplasm. Explain the advantage to the zygote of this uneq
  31. June 2022, Component 2, Q6(b)(ii) (1 mark): Describe the evidence from Image 6.2 that cats produce multiple offspring during each pregnancy. [1]
  32. June 2022, Component 2, Q6(b)(iii) (2 marks): Structure Y is a primary follicle. Describe the stages in oogenesis that occur during the maturation of a primary follicle into a Graafian follicle. [2]
  33. June 2022, Component 2, Q6(b)(iv) (2 marks): Before the birth of cats and other female mammals, several thousand of structure Z are formed. These are called primordial follicles and each contains a single
  34. Autumn 2021, Component 2, Q3(b)(ii) (3 marks): Name the cells produced in spermatogenesis in a mammal that are at the same stage of meiosis as the following stages in the formation of pollen grains in image
  35. Autumn 2021, Component 3, Q3(d)(iii) (3 marks): Apart from the exchange of gases and nutrients, state three other roles of the placenta. [3]
  36. Autumn 2020, Component 2, Q5(a)(i) (2 marks): State the names of the hormones labelled A and B in image 5.1 and the name of structure X where they are secreted into the blood. [2] A B X
  37. Autumn 2020, Component 2, Q5(a)(ii) (3 marks): With reference to image 5.1, conclude how oestrogen and progesterone in the combined contraceptive pill, act to reduce the likelihood of fertilisation. [3] Sper
  38. Autumn 2020, Component 2, Q5(b)(i) (1 mark): the term used to describe the process of sperm production. [1]
  39. Autumn 2020, Component 2, Q5(b)(ii) (1 mark): the precise location of sperm production in human males. [1]
  40. Autumn 2020, Component 2, Q5(c)(i) (2 marks): Calculate the total mass of TU given to each man during the period of the trial. Give your answer in grams. [2] mass of TU = g
  41. Autumn 2020, Component 2, Q5(c)(ii) (2 marks): State two criteria that were used to select the men included in the trial. [2]
  42. Autumn 2020, Component 2, Q5(c)(iii) (2 marks): Semen samples were collected on a regular basis and the number of spermatozoa per cm3 determined. Of the original 898 men in the trial, 4.8% did not respond to
  43. Autumn 2020, Component 2, Q5(c)(iv) (1 mark): The number of pregnancies in the partners of the men in the trial was also recorded. Suggest why sperm counts were carried out during the trial rather than rely
  44. Autumn 2020, Component 2, Q5(d) (2 marks): Similar trials in other parts of the world have produced different degrees of success. Identify two changes to the study to validate the use of TU as a male con
  45. June 2019, Component 2, Q5(a) (4 marks): Name structures A and B in Figure 5.1 and give details of the features that allowed you to identify each one. [4] Structure Name Features A B Figure 5.2 shows t
  46. June 2019, Component 2, Q5(b) (2 marks): Using appropriate labels from Figure 5.2 describe how the maternal blood flows through the placenta. [2]
  47. June 2019, Component 2, Q5(c) (2 marks): Using Figure 5.2 compare the arrangement of blood vessels in the fetal circulation within the placenta with the arrangement of blood vessels in the maternal cir
  48. June 2018, Component 2, Q1(e)(i) (1 mark): Explain the function of amniotic fluid. [1]
  49. June 2018, Component 2, Q2(c)(ii) (2 marks): In humans, before fertilisation the oocytes are suspended in metaphase II. Explain how the ionophore molecules might improve the success rate of ICSI. [2]
  50. June 2017, Component 2, Q6(a) (2 marks): Describe what subsequently happens to the following: [2] secondary oocyte; Graafian follicle.
  51. June 2017, Component 2, Q6(b)(i) (4 marks): Describe how the hormones FSH and oestrogen illustrate the principle of negative feedback in controlling ovulation. [4]
  52. June 2017, Component 2, Q6(b)(ii) (3 marks): Explain why oestrogen may therefore be used as a contraceptive. [3]

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