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DNA, genes and chromosomes: AQA A‑Level Biology questions

Every AQA A-Level Biology exam question on 3.4.1 DNA, genes and chromosomes, 2016–2025, with its mark scheme and examiner’s report.

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1,383 questions

  1. Q08.2

    June 2025 · Paper 1

    2 marks3.4.1 DNA, genes and chromosomes
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2025 Paper 1, question 08.2: Antibiotic resistance alleles are located in plasmids. There are 11 different types of plasmid inside cells of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. A scientist

  2. Q08.3

    June 2025 · Paper 1

    1 mark3.4.1 DNA, genes and chromosomes
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2025 Paper 1, question 08.3: The scientist determined that the rs value between plasmid length and mean plasmid copy number for all 11 types of plasmid is –0.94 What can you conclude from t

  3. Q08.4

    June 2025 · Paper 1

    2 marks3.4.1 DNA, genes and chromosomes
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2025 Paper 1, question 08.4: The length of the single circular (non-plasmid) DNA molecule in a B. thuringiensis cell is 5400 kbp The total length of all plasmid DNA molecules in a B. thurin

  4. Q04.1

    June 2025 · AS Paper 1

    3 marks3.4.1 DNA, genes and chromosomes
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2025 AS Paper 1, question 04.1: Define locus, exon and universal genetic code. [3 marks] Locus Exon Universal genetic code

  5. Q04.1

    June 2024 · AS Paper 1

    3 marks3.4.1 DNA, genes and chromosomes
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 AS Paper 1, question 04.1: Complete Table 3 to show whether the feature of DNA is associated with the DNA molecule found in each of these locations. Tick () the appropriate boxes. [3 mar

  6. Q10.2

    June 2023 · Paper 1

    6 marks3.1.5 Nucleic acids are important information-carrying molecules3.4.1 DNA, genes and chromosomes
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2023 Paper 1, question 10.2: Describe the structure of DNA and the structure of a chromosome. [6 marks]

  7. Q02.2

    June 2023 · AS Paper 1

    1 mark3.4.1 DNA, genes and chromosomes
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2023 AS Paper 1, question 02.2: Describe one difference between the structure of DNA in a prokaryotic cell and in a eukaryotic cell. [1 mark]

  8. Q01.2

    June 2023 · AS Paper 2

    1 mark3.4.1 DNA, genes and chromosomes
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2023 AS Paper 2, question 01.2: Name two biological molecules that can be coded for by a gene. Do not include a polypeptide or protein in your answer. [1 mark] 1 2

  9. Q01.1

    June 2022 · AS Paper 2

    1 mark3.4.1 DNA, genes and chromosomes
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2022 AS Paper 2, question 01.1: What is a gene? [1 mark]

  10. Q05.2

    November 2021 · Paper 1

    2 marks3.4.1 DNA, genes and chromosomes
    The whole paper ↗
    November 2021 Paper 1, question 05.2: Scientists grew two groups of plants: • control plants with all the inorganic ions needed • iron-deficient plants with all the inorganic ions needed but without

  11. Q04.3

    November 2021 · AS Paper 1

    1 mark3.4.1 DNA, genes and chromosomes
    The whole paper ↗
    November 2021 AS Paper 1, question 04.3: Name the fixed position occupied by a gene on a DNA molecule. [1 mark]

  12. Q04.4

    November 2021 · AS Paper 1

    3 marks3.4.1 DNA, genes and chromosomes
    The whole paper ↗
    November 2021 AS Paper 1, question 04.4: Describe how a gene is a code for the production of a polypeptide. Do not include information about transcription or translation in your answer. [3 marks]

  13. Q08.1

    November 2020 · Paper 1

    3 marks3.4.1 DNA, genes and chromosomes
    The whole paper ↗
    November 2020 Paper 1, question 08.1: Complete Table 2 to show three differences between DNA in the nucleus of a plant cell and DNA in a prokaryotic cell. [3 marks] Table 2 DNA in the nucleus of a p

  14. Q06.2

    November 2020 · AS Paper 1

    1 mark3.4.1 DNA, genes and chromosomes
    The whole paper ↗
    November 2020 AS Paper 1, question 06.2: Define the term exon. [1 mark]

  15. Q02.3

    November 2020 · AS Paper 2

    1 mark3.4.1 DNA, genes and chromosomes
    The whole paper ↗
    November 2020 AS Paper 2, question 02.3: Name the protein associated with DNA in a chromosome. [1 mark]

  16. Q10.2

    Specimen · Paper 2

    4 marks3.4.1 DNA, genes and chromosomes
    The whole paper ↗
    Specimen Paper 2, question 10.2: Read the following passage carefully. A large and growing number of disorders are now known to be due to types of mitochondrial disease (MD). MD often affects s
All 16 questions on DNA, genes and chromosomes, as a list
  1. June 2025, Paper 1, Q08.2 (2 marks): Antibiotic resistance alleles are located in plasmids. There are 11 different types of plasmid inside cells of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. A scientist
  2. June 2025, Paper 1, Q08.3 (1 mark): The scientist determined that the rs value between plasmid length and mean plasmid copy number for all 11 types of plasmid is –0.94 What can you conclude from t
  3. June 2025, Paper 1, Q08.4 (2 marks): The length of the single circular (non-plasmid) DNA molecule in a B. thuringiensis cell is 5400 kbp The total length of all plasmid DNA molecules in a B. thurin
  4. June 2025, AS Paper 1, Q04.1 (3 marks): Define locus, exon and universal genetic code. [3 marks] Locus Exon Universal genetic code
  5. June 2024, AS Paper 1, Q04.1 (3 marks): Complete Table 3 to show whether the feature of DNA is associated with the DNA molecule found in each of these locations. Tick () the appropriate boxes. [3 mar
  6. June 2023, Paper 1, Q10.2 (6 marks): Describe the structure of DNA and the structure of a chromosome. [6 marks]
  7. June 2023, AS Paper 1, Q02.2 (1 mark): Describe one difference between the structure of DNA in a prokaryotic cell and in a eukaryotic cell. [1 mark]
  8. June 2023, AS Paper 2, Q01.2 (1 mark): Name two biological molecules that can be coded for by a gene. Do not include a polypeptide or protein in your answer. [1 mark] 1 2
  9. June 2022, AS Paper 2, Q01.1 (1 mark): What is a gene? [1 mark]
  10. November 2021, Paper 1, Q05.2 (2 marks): Scientists grew two groups of plants: • control plants with all the inorganic ions needed • iron-deficient plants with all the inorganic ions needed but without
  11. November 2021, AS Paper 1, Q04.3 (1 mark): Name the fixed position occupied by a gene on a DNA molecule. [1 mark]
  12. November 2021, AS Paper 1, Q04.4 (3 marks): Describe how a gene is a code for the production of a polypeptide. Do not include information about transcription or translation in your answer. [3 marks]
  13. November 2020, Paper 1, Q08.1 (3 marks): Complete Table 2 to show three differences between DNA in the nucleus of a plant cell and DNA in a prokaryotic cell. [3 marks] Table 2 DNA in the nucleus of a p
  14. November 2020, AS Paper 1, Q06.2 (1 mark): Define the term exon. [1 mark]
  15. November 2020, AS Paper 2, Q02.3 (1 mark): Name the protein associated with DNA in a chromosome. [1 mark]
  16. Specimen, Paper 2, Q10.2 (4 marks): Read the following passage carefully. A large and growing number of disorders are now known to be due to types of mitochondrial disease (MD). MD often affects s

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