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Instrumental analysis: Eduqas A‑Level Chemistry questions

Every Eduqas A-Level Chemistry exam question on C3.5 Instrumental analysis, 2016–2025, with its mark scheme and examiner’s report.

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1,513 questions

  1. Q4

    June 2025 · Component 2

    3 marksC3.5 Instrumental analysisOA3.1 Amines
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2025 Component 2, question 4: The mass spectrum of a primary amine, R—NH2, shows a strong signal at m/z 91 and a molecular ion at m/z 107. It reacts with cold nitric(III) acid to give nitrog

  2. Q8(a)(ii)

    June 2025 · Component 2

    2 marksC3.5 Instrumental analysis
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2025 Component 2, question 8(a)(ii): The low resolution 1H NMR spectrum of the purified amide showed signals at 2.8 ppm and at 8.9 ppm. Suggest the protons responsible for these two signals and the

  3. Q8(c)(ii)

    June 2025 · Component 2

    3 marksC3.5 Instrumental analysis
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2025 Component 2, question 8(c)(ii): The high resolution 1H NMR spectrum of compound T shows only a singlet and the 13C NMR spectrum shows three signals. Use this information and your answer to par

  4. Q11(a)(ii)

    June 2025 · Component 2

    4 marksC3.5 Instrumental analysisC3.4 Alcohols and carboxylic acids
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2025 Component 2, question 11(a)(ii): Pivalic acid reacts with methanol to give the ester methyl pivalate, (CH3)3CC(O)OCH3 I. State a catalyst used for this reaction. [1] II. Describe the high reso

  5. Q3(f)

    June 2025 · Component 3

    3 marksC3.5 Instrumental analysis
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2025 Component 3, question 3(f): Compound N is another isomer of formula C10H13NO. O N H O N H compound N N-propylbenzamide Describe the similarities and differences in the infrared absorption

  6. Q8(a)

    June 2025 · AS Component 2

    9 marksC3.5 Instrumental analysisC1.3 Chemical calculations
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2025 AS Component 2, question 8(a): Use all the information to identify compound X. [9]

  7. Q11(b)(iii)

    June 2025 · AS Component 2

    3 marksC3.5 Instrumental analysis
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2025 AS Component 2, question 11(b)(iii): Explain how useful 13C NMR spectra and low resolution 1H NMR spectra would be to distinguish between hexane and pentane. [3]

  8. Q7(b)

    June 2024 · Component 2

    2 marksC3.5 Instrumental analysis
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 Component 2, question 7(b): The low resolution 1H NMR spectrum of dimethyl maleate shows one signal for the H C protons and one for the OCH3 protons. Use the Data Booklet to complete the t

  9. Q8(e)

    June 2024 · Component 2

    2 marksC3.5 Instrumental analysis
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 Component 2, question 8(e): A sample of phenylethane-1,2-diol is contaminated with a small quantity of phenylethanal. Explain how the infrared absorption spectrum of this impure sample wou

  10. Q9(e)

    June 2024 · Component 2

    2 marksC3.5 Instrumental analysis
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 Component 2, question 9(e): The formulae of compounds Q and R are shown below. Both are aldehydes. H O H O C C CH2 CH CH3 C C H3C O H O compound Q compound R Discuss the differences in the

  11. Q4(d)(i)

    June 2024 · Component 3

    2 marksC3.5 Instrumental analysis
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 Component 3, question 4(d)(i): e reactions and NMR spectroscopy. O C O H3C N C CH3 NH2 H N-phenylethanamide compound A O O CH H H2N C C H2N H CH3 compound B compound C (i) Describe how the lo

  12. Q8(b)

    June 2024 · AS Component 2

    4 marksC3.5 Instrumental analysisC3.4 Alcohols and carboxylic acids
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 AS Component 2, question 8(b): E and F are both straight-chained compounds. The infrared spectrum of compound E is shown below. % Transmittance 100 80 60 40 20 0 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500

  13. Q10(e)

    June 2024 · AS Component 2

    2 marksC3.5 Instrumental analysis
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 AS Component 2, question 10(e): Four isomers with the molecular formula C4H10O are alcohols. The 13C NMR spectrum of one of these isomers is shown below. Chemical shift (δ)/ppm 200 180 160 140

  14. Q5

    Autumn 2021 · Component 2

    3 marksC3.5 Instrumental analysis
    The whole paper ↗
    Autumn 2021 Component 2, question 5: The mass spectrum of butane-2,3-dione is shown below. 43 Relative abundance 15 86 0 20 40 60 80 100 m/z Draw the structure of butane-2,3-dione and use this to i

  15. Q7(b)(ii)

    Autumn 2021 · Component 2

    4 marksOA2.2 Aldehydes and ketonesC3.5 Instrumental analysis
    The whole paper ↗
    Autumn 2021 Component 2, question 7(b)(ii): Cyclohexanone is then converted to Nylon-6 in a three-stage process. OH O N O NH2OH acid water / 500 K NH Nylon-6 acid increased pressure cyclohexanone caprolac

  16. Q10(a)(ii)

    Autumn 2021 · Component 2

    1 markC3.5 Instrumental analysis
    The whole paper ↗
    Autumn 2021 Component 2, question 10(a)(ii): Both the high resolution 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra of hexamine show only a single peak. Suggest why these signals are single peaks. [1]

  17. Q11(a)

    Autumn 2021 · Component 2

    3 marksC3.5 Instrumental analysis
    The whole paper ↗
    Autumn 2021 Component 2, question 11(a): The high resolution 1H NMR spectrum of a dimethylbenzene is shown below. Explain how this spectrum shows that the compound is 1,4-dimethylbenzene. [3] 6 4 8.0

  18. Q2(b)

    Autumn 2020 · Component 2

    2 marksC3.5 Instrumental analysis
    The whole paper ↗
    Autumn 2020 Component 2, question 2(b): A stick of chewing gum for diabetics contains xylitol. OH HO OH OH OH State the number of signals in the 13C NMR spectrum of xylitol. Give your reasoning. [2] (

  19. Q6(b)(i)

    Autumn 2020 · Component 2

    3 marksC3.5 Instrumental analysis
    The whole paper ↗
    Autumn 2020 Component 2, question 6(b)(i): Use the NMR spectrum to deduce the formula of the R group in compound W. Give your reasoning. The numbers 2 and 3 represent relative peak areas. [3]

  20. Q9(f)

    Autumn 2020 · Component 2

    3 marksC3.5 Instrumental analysis
    The whole paper ↗
    Autumn 2020 Component 2, question 9(f): The low resolution 1H NMR spectrum of an aliphatic amide, R C is shown below. NH2 The numbers indicate the relative peak areas for the protons. 6 2 1 7 6 5 4 3
All 49 questions on Instrumental analysis, as a list
  1. June 2025, Component 2, Q4 (3 marks): The mass spectrum of a primary amine, R—NH2, shows a strong signal at m/z 91 and a molecular ion at m/z 107. It reacts with cold nitric(III) acid to give nitrog
  2. June 2025, Component 2, Q8(a)(ii) (2 marks): The low resolution 1H NMR spectrum of the purified amide showed signals at 2.8 ppm and at 8.9 ppm. Suggest the protons responsible for these two signals and the
  3. June 2025, Component 2, Q8(c)(ii) (3 marks): The high resolution 1H NMR spectrum of compound T shows only a singlet and the 13C NMR spectrum shows three signals. Use this information and your answer to par
  4. June 2025, Component 2, Q11(a)(ii) (4 marks): Pivalic acid reacts with methanol to give the ester methyl pivalate, (CH3)3CC(O)OCH3 I. State a catalyst used for this reaction. [1] II. Describe the high reso
  5. June 2025, Component 3, Q3(f) (3 marks): Compound N is another isomer of formula C10H13NO. O N H O N H compound N N-propylbenzamide Describe the similarities and differences in the infrared absorption
  6. June 2025, AS Component 2, Q8(a) (9 marks): Use all the information to identify compound X. [9]
  7. June 2025, AS Component 2, Q11(b)(iii) (3 marks): Explain how useful 13C NMR spectra and low resolution 1H NMR spectra would be to distinguish between hexane and pentane. [3]
  8. June 2024, Component 2, Q7(b) (2 marks): The low resolution 1H NMR spectrum of dimethyl maleate shows one signal for the H C protons and one for the OCH3 protons. Use the Data Booklet to complete the t
  9. June 2024, Component 2, Q8(e) (2 marks): A sample of phenylethane-1,2-diol is contaminated with a small quantity of phenylethanal. Explain how the infrared absorption spectrum of this impure sample wou
  10. June 2024, Component 2, Q9(e) (2 marks): The formulae of compounds Q and R are shown below. Both are aldehydes. H O H O C C CH2 CH CH3 C C H3C O H O compound Q compound R Discuss the differences in the
  11. June 2024, Component 3, Q4(d)(i) (2 marks): e reactions and NMR spectroscopy. O C O H3C N C CH3 NH2 H N-phenylethanamide compound A O O CH H H2N C C H2N H CH3 compound B compound C (i) Describe how the lo
  12. June 2024, AS Component 2, Q8(b) (4 marks): E and F are both straight-chained compounds. The infrared spectrum of compound E is shown below. % Transmittance 100 80 60 40 20 0 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500
  13. June 2024, AS Component 2, Q10(e) (2 marks): Four isomers with the molecular formula C4H10O are alcohols. The 13C NMR spectrum of one of these isomers is shown below. Chemical shift (δ)/ppm 200 180 160 140
  14. Autumn 2021, Component 2, Q5 (3 marks): The mass spectrum of butane-2,3-dione is shown below. 43 Relative abundance 15 86 0 20 40 60 80 100 m/z Draw the structure of butane-2,3-dione and use this to i
  15. Autumn 2021, Component 2, Q7(b)(ii) (4 marks): Cyclohexanone is then converted to Nylon-6 in a three-stage process. OH O N O NH2OH acid water / 500 K NH Nylon-6 acid increased pressure cyclohexanone caprolac
  16. Autumn 2021, Component 2, Q10(a)(ii) (1 mark): Both the high resolution 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra of hexamine show only a single peak. Suggest why these signals are single peaks. [1]
  17. Autumn 2021, Component 2, Q11(a) (3 marks): The high resolution 1H NMR spectrum of a dimethylbenzene is shown below. Explain how this spectrum shows that the compound is 1,4-dimethylbenzene. [3] 6 4 8.0
  18. Autumn 2020, Component 2, Q2(b) (2 marks): A stick of chewing gum for diabetics contains xylitol. OH HO OH OH OH State the number of signals in the 13C NMR spectrum of xylitol. Give your reasoning. [2] (
  19. Autumn 2020, Component 2, Q6(b)(i) (3 marks): Use the NMR spectrum to deduce the formula of the R group in compound W. Give your reasoning. The numbers 2 and 3 represent relative peak areas. [3]
  20. Autumn 2020, Component 2, Q9(f) (3 marks): The low resolution 1H NMR spectrum of an aliphatic amide, R C is shown below. NH2 The numbers indicate the relative peak areas for the protons. 6 2 1 7 6 5 4 3
  21. Autumn 2020, Component 2, Q11(b) (6 marks): Liquid G contains only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The infrared spectrum of G showed no peaks at 1620–1670 cm–1, 1650–1750 cm–1 or 3200–3550 cm–1 The 13C NMR s
  22. Autumn 2020, AS Component 2, Q9(a) (7 marks): Compound X is an alcohol. When compound X is warmed with acidified potassium dichromate(VI) there is a colour change. In the mass spectrum of compound X • the m
  23. Autumn 2020, AS Component 2, Q9(b) (4 marks): Complete the sketches of the low resolution 1H NMR spectra for propan-1-ol and propan-2-ol. Identify which protons are responsible for each peak giving the appr
  24. June 2019, Component 2, Q8(a)(iv) (2 marks): Another product of this reaction is a hydrocarbon of molecular formula C8H18, whose high resolution 1H NMR spectrum shows only a singlet at 0.86 ppm. Suggest a
  25. June 2019, Component 2, Q9(a) (6 marks): An unknown compound is one of the six compounds whose structures are shown below. OH CH2CH2Br H3C CH2 CH2 CH3 CH2CH3 A B C Br CH3 H3C CH2 CH3 CH CH2 CH CH2 D E
  26. June 2019, Component 2, Q9(c)(i) (3 marks): Menthol can be isolated from peppermint oil. Analysis of this oil shows that its major component is menthol. It contains smaller quantities of other compounds.
  27. June 2019, Component 2, Q10(a)(viii) (4 marks): While researching a method for making Kevlar® , the student came across the compound below. O O C C (H3C)2N N(CH3)2 I. Describe the low resolution 1H NMR spectr
  28. June 2019, Component 2, Q11(d) (2 marks): Another insect produces a defensive mixture that contains 2-methylbutanoic acid. Write the displayed formula of 2-methylbutanoic acid. Give an isomer of this co
  29. June 2019, Component 2, Q12(b)(v) (2 marks): A sample of the product mixture from this reaction produced the following gas chromatogram. B Abundance A C Retention time I. State, giving a reason, which of t
  30. June 2019, AS Component 2, Q10(b) (2 marks): State a difference and a similarity between the 13C NMR spectra of ethanal and ethanol. [2] Difference Similarity
  31. June 2019, AS Component 2, Q11 (10 marks): Compound A contains 55.8 % carbon, 7.00 % hydrogen and 37.2 % oxygen by mass. Part of its infrared spectrum is shown below. 3000 2000 1500 1000 500 Wavenumber /
  32. June 2018, Component 1, Q12(c)(i) (1 mark): Identify the species that gives rise to the peak at m/z 66. [1]
  33. June 2018, Component 1, Q12(c)(ii) (4 marks): The half-life of the fluorine-18 isotope is 110 minutes, and the original fluorine sample contained four fluorine-18 atoms for every fluorine-19 atom. Find the
  34. June 2018, Component 2, Q4 (2 marks): The formulae for two aromatic compounds are given below. CH3 CH3 O2N NO2 H3C CH3 NO2 mesitylene TNT Complete the table which describes the 1H NMR signals for th
  35. June 2018, Component 2, Q5 (2 marks): Draw the structure for a compound of formula C3H8O that shows an infrared absorption peak between 1000 and 1300 cm–1 but no peak between 2500 and 3550 cm–1, oth
  36. June 2018, Component 2, Q11(a) (6 marks): The characteristic smell of some varieties of blue cheese is due mainly to heptan-2-one. O O CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2 C CH3CH2CH2CH2 C CH3 CH2CH3 heptan-2-one heptan-3-o
  37. June 2018, Component 2, Q13(c)(ii) (1 mark): State how the infrared absorption spectrum of compounds S and T would differ from each other in their significant functional group absorption(s). [1]
  38. June 2018, Component 2, Q15(a)(iii) (1 mark): Explain why both the molecules shown below have the same splitting pattern in their 1H NMR high resolution spectra. [1] O CI R C R’ and R C R’ CI
  39. June 2018, Component 2, Q15(a)(iv) (3 marks): The 1H NMR spectrum of ketone W is shown below. 4 3 2 1 0 δ / ppm Assuming that the alkyl groups R and R’ are the same, use the information from the NMR spectru
  40. June 2018, AS Component 2, Q7(e) (6 marks): Compounds A and B are two of butane, ethanoic acid and propan-1-ol. Their 13C NMR spectra and simplified mass spectra are shown below. Compound A 13C NMR spectr
  41. June 2018, AS Component 2, Q7(f) (2 marks): State and explain how you would expect the infrared spectrum of ethanoic acid to differ from that of propan-1-ol. [2]
  42. June 2017, Component 2, Q8(a)(iii) (2 marks): A by-product of the reaction was oxopropanedioic acid. COOH C O COOH oxopropanedioic acid State and explain how the 13C NMR spectrum of this compound would diff
  43. June 2017, Component 2, Q11(b)(ii) (1 mark): The reaction shown in stage 1 does not always go to completion and some but-2-enal may remain in the reaction mixture. Explain how you could use the infrared sp
  44. June 2017, Component 2, Q12(b)(iii) (2 marks): Many areas around former DDT manufacturing sites remain contaminated. The soil from one contaminated area was analysed by gas chromatography. 48 Relative abunda
  45. June 2017, Component 2, Q12(d) (4 marks): The formula of chloropentafluoroethane is shown below. F F F C C Cl F F State and explain what you would expect to see in the molecular ion region of its mass s
  46. June 2017, AS Component 2, Q7(e) (2 marks): A student was given a sample of bromopropane but was not told which isomer it was. The low resolution 1H NMR spectrum of the sample is shown below. 4.0 3.5 3.0
  47. June 2017, AS Component 2, Q9(c) (2 marks): Ethanol can form ethene by a dehydration reaction. Name a suitable reagent for this reaction and state how you would expect the infrared absorption spectrum of
  48. June 2016, AS Component 2, Q6(b)(ii) (2 marks): Use the infrared absorption frequencies given in the Data Sheet to explain how you would know if all the 1-chlorobutane has been converted into butan-1-ol. [2]
  49. June 2016, AS Component 2, Q7(f) (5 marks): The mass spectrum of a CFC shows two major signals at m/z 135 and 137 in the ratio of 3:1 and molecular ion peaks at 170, 172 and 174. The CFC contains 14.0 % c

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