Cell structure and organisation: Eduqas A‑Level Biology questions

Every Eduqas A-Level Biology exam question on C.2 Cell structure and organisation, 2016–2025, with its mark scheme and examiner’s report.

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2,061 questions

Q2(b)(i)
June 2025 · Component 1
1 markC.2 Cell structure and organisation
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Q2(b)(ii)
June 2025 · Component 1
1 markC.2 Cell structure and organisation
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Q2(a)(ii)
June 2025 · Component 3
4 marksC.2 Cell structure and organisation
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Q4(a)(i)
June 2025 · AS Component 1
2 marksC.2 Cell structure and organisation
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Q4(a)(ii)
June 2025 · AS Component 1
1 markC.2 Cell structure and organisation
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Q4(b)
June 2025 · AS Component 1
3 marksC.2 Cell structure and organisation
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Q4(c)(iii)
June 2025 · AS Component 1
2 marksC.2 Cell structure and organisation
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Q5(b)(ii)
June 2025 · AS Component 1
2 marksC.2 Cell structure and organisation
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Q1(b)(i)
June 2024 · Component 1
2 marksC.2 Cell structure and organisation
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Q2(e)
June 2024 · Component 2
1 markC.2 Cell structure and organisation
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Q2(a)(i)
June 2024 · AS Component 1
1 markC.2 Cell structure and organisation
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Q2(a)(iii)
June 2024 · AS Component 1
1 markC.2 Cell structure and organisation
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Q2(b)(i)
June 2024 · AS Component 1
1 markC.2 Cell structure and organisation
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Q2(b)(ii)
June 2024 · AS Component 1
2 marksC.2 Cell structure and organisation
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Q2(b)(iii)
June 2024 · AS Component 1
3 marksC.2 Cell structure and organisation
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Q2(b)(iv)
June 2024 · AS Component 2
2 marksC.2 Cell structure and organisation
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Q2(a)(iii)
June 2023 · Component 1
1 markC.2 Cell structure and organisation
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Q1(a)(ii)
June 2023 · Component 2
1 markC.2 Cell structure and organisation
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Q1(b)(ii)
June 2023 · Component 2
1 mark2.1 All organisms are related through their evolutionary history C.2 Cell structure and organisation
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Q4(d)(i)
June 2023 · Component 2
1 markC.2 Cell structure and organisation
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All 75 questions on Cell structure and organisation, as a list

June 2025, Component 1, Q2(b)(i) (1 mark): Name scale X in Image 2.2. [1]
June 2025, Component 1, Q2(b)(ii) (1 mark): At this magnification it was calculated that 1 epu = 1.05 μm. The diameter of one of the bacteria in Image 2.1 was measured at 2 epu. Calculate the actual diame
June 2025, Component 3, Q2(a)(ii) (4 marks): I. Use all the data in Table 2.2 to calculate the mean diameter of the human erythrocytes in Image 2.1 [1] Mean diameter of human erythrocytes in Image 2.1 =
June 2025, AS Component 1, Q4(a)(i) (2 marks): Explain why definitions A and B would not include viruses as being living organisms. [2]
June 2025, AS Component 1, Q4(a)(ii) (1 mark): Suggest why definition C would include viruses as living organisms. [1]
June 2025, AS Component 1, Q4(b) (3 marks): Definition A lists several different life processes which are said to be characteristics of a living organism. In unicellular organisms, each of these life proc
June 2025, AS Component 1, Q4(c)(iii) (2 marks): The process of cell division can be observed using a light microscope at a high magnification. I. Suggest why an objective lens of a higher magnification would
June 2025, AS Component 1, Q5(b)(ii) (2 marks): I. State where in a cell the initial FUS polypeptide chain would be modified to produce functional FUS protein. [1] II. Name two types of molecule that could be
June 2024, Component 1, Q1(b)(i) (2 marks): Identify two structural features of mitochondria and chloroplasts that are also found in prokaryotic cells. [2] I. II.
June 2024, Component 2, Q2(e) (1 mark): When DNA is extracted from plant cells the enzyme cellulase may need to be added. Explain why cellulase is not needed when extracting DNA from human cells. [1
June 2024, AS Component 1, Q2(a)(i) (1 mark): Identify the structures labelled A and B in Image 2.1. [1] A B
June 2024, AS Component 1, Q2(a)(iii) (1 mark): Image 2.1 shows some internal features of structure A. Suggest why these would not be visible if the cell had been viewed with a light microscope. [1]
June 2024, AS Component 1, Q2(b)(i) (1 mark): State the difference between a tissue and an organ. [1]
June 2024, AS Component 1, Q2(b)(ii) (2 marks): Give an example of one tissue and one organ from a flowering plant. [2] Tissue: Organ:
June 2024, AS Component 1, Q2(b)(iii) (3 marks): Images 2.2A, 2.2B and 2.2C show photomicrographs of three different types of human tissue. Identify the tissues shown in Images 2.2A, 2.2B and 2.2C and give the
June 2024, AS Component 2, Q2(b)(iv) (2 marks): Describe the process of digestion inside the cell after the formation of the food vacuole. [2]
June 2023, Component 1, Q2(a)(iii) (1 mark): Name one organelle present in cells of tissue layers A and B and the structures labelled C but not present in the cells labelled D or E. [1] Green plants grow i
June 2023, Component 2, Q1(a)(ii) (1 mark): The cutting of the viral DNA prevents the bacteriophage viral proteins being synthesised in the bacterium. Apart from enzymes, state which other part of the vir
June 2023, Component 2, Q1(b)(ii) (1 mark): Scientists used to classify cyanobacteria in the Kingdom Protoctista. With reference to their cell structure, suggest why they have been reclassified as bacteri
June 2023, Component 2, Q4(d)(i) (1 mark): State the name of the organelle that produces the acrosome. [1]
June 2023, Component 2, Q5(b)(ii) (1 mark): When the total length of DNA from a human male cell with DMD is calculated it is longer than 2.95 × 106 kilobases. Explain why. [1]
June 2023, Component 3, Q1(a)(i) (1 mark): 1. (a) The mammalian kidney is an organ which is involved in homeostasis. Define the following terms. (i) Organ [1]
June 2023, Component 3, Q1(c)(i) (2 marks): Calibrate the microscope using Image 1.2 (1 stage micrometer division = 0.01 mm). Show all your working. Give your answer in µm. [2] One eyepiece unit = ……… ………
June 2023, Component 3, Q1(c)(ii) (2 marks): I. Use the eyepiece graticule in Image 1.1 to determine the diameter of the glomerulus in eyepiece units. [1] Diameter = ……… …………… eyepiece units II. Use your c
June 2023, AS Component 2, Q1(a)(i) (1 mark): State two structural features of cells shared by all living organisms, as shown by region A in Image 1.1. [1]
June 2023, AS Component 2, Q1(a)(ii) (2 marks): State one structural feature shared by cells of Domains that intersect in regions: I. B [1] II. C [1]
June 2023, AS Component 2, Q4(b)(i) (1 mark): The specimen in Image 4.2 has been viewed using a light microscope. Suggest the magnification of the objective lens that was used to provide the visual detail s
June 2022, Component 1, Q5(a)(i) (2 marks): Using the scale bar, calculate the magnification of Image 5.2. [2] Magnification = ×
June 2022, Component 2, Q3(a)(iii) (3 marks): Structure B contains epithelial tissue similar to that found in the trachea. Name the type of epithelium found in both B and the trachea and describe the functi
June 2022, Component 2, Q6(a)(i) (2 marks): Calculate the size of one eyepiece unit (epu) at this magnification. Give your answer to the nearest micrometre. [2] [1 stage micrometer division = 0.01 mm] 1 e
June 2022, Component 2, Q6(a)(ii) (1 mark): Explain why the microscope would need to be recalibrated before calculating actual size when using an objective lens of a different magnification. [1] Using the
June 2022, Component 2, Q6(b)(i) (2 marks): Structure X is a mature Graafian follicle with a diameter of 97 epu at the point indicated by the line on the image. Using your calibration of the microscope at
June 2022, AS Component 1, Q3(a) (5 marks): Describe the sequence of events involved in the production and secretion of enzymes as shown in Image 3.1. [5] Image 3.2 shows another organelle which is also i
June 2022, AS Component 1, Q3(b)(i) (2 marks): Using the scale bar provided, calculate the magnification of Image 3.2. [2] Magnification = ×
June 2022, AS Component 1, Q3(b)(ii) (3 marks): Name the organelle shown in Image 3.2 and suggest its function in enzyme secretion. [3]
June 2022, AS Component 1, Q3(b)(iii) (3 marks): The organelle shown in Image 3.2 is in the process of self-replication. This is a similar process to that seen in bacteria. Suggest and explain how this organel
June 2022, AS Component 1, Q5(a)(ii) (1 mark): With reference to the structure of viruses, suggest a role for the viral genes. [1] Once inside the host cell, the virus capsid breaks down and the viral DNA en
June 2022, AS Component 1, Q5(b)(i) (1 mark): Suggest how the viral DNA enters the nucleus. [1]
June 2022, AS Component 2, Q1(c)(i) (1 mark): Explain why it was necessary to stain the tissue before it was viewed under the microscope. [1]
June 2022, AS Component 2, Q1(c)(ii) (2 marks): Calculate the actual size of the villus along the line X – Y. [2] Actual size = μm
Autumn 2021, Component 1, Q8 (9 marks): Images 8.1 and 8.2 show the structure of mitochondria and chloroplasts. Image 8.1 Mitochondria Image 8.2 Chloroplast Explain how the internal structures of mito
Autumn 2021, Component 3, Q1(c)(iii) (2 marks): The actual length of the starch grain from X to Y is 27 µm. Use this information and the line on image 1.3 to calculate the magnification of the image. Show you
Autumn 2021, Component 3, Q4(d)(i) (3 marks): If this student were to draw a low power plan of a leaf or artery in the future, suggest three guidelines for the student to follow to ensure they present their
Autumn 2021, AS Component 1, Q4(a)(i) (1 mark): Epithelial cell from small intestine. [1]
Autumn 2021, AS Component 1, Q4(a)(ii) (1 mark): Capillary endothelial cell. [1]
Autumn 2020, Component 2, Q2(a)(i) (2 marks): When examining an organism using a microscope, describe one advantage and one disadvantage of staining the organism. [2] Advantage Disadvantage
Autumn 2020, Component 2, Q2(a)(ii) (1 mark): Suggest the power of the objective lens used to take the photograph shown in image 2.1. [1]
Autumn 2020, Component 3, Q1(b)(i) (1 mark): Explain why blood is considered to be a tissue. [1]
Autumn 2020, AS Component 1, Q2(b)(ii) (3 marks): Describe how the secretory vesicles are produced and how the digestive enzymes are then secreted from the cell. [3]
Autumn 2020, AS Component 1, Q2(b)(iii) (2 marks): Suggest why enzyme-secreting cells are observed to contain large numbers of mitochondria. [2]
Autumn 2020, AS Component 1, Q6 (9 marks): Viruses cause infections in many mammals including humans. The basic structure of a virus is shown in image 6.1. Image 6.1 RNA RNA polymerase capsid The virus m
June 2019, Component 1, Q1(a)(i) (2 marks): Calculate the actual size of yeast cell A shown above. [2] Actual size = µm
June 2019, Component 1, Q1(a)(ii) (1 mark): Give two reasons why yeast would be classified as a eukaryotic organism. [1] Population growth curves can be modelled using simple organisms such as yeast. One
June 2019, Component 2, Q6(a) (2 marks): Complete the table below by naming the organelles that carry out the following functions. Label each of the organelles on the photomicrograph using the letters
June 2019, Component 3, Q1(b)(i) (2 marks): Using only the scale bar, calculate the magnification of the image in figure 1.2. [2] Magnification = ×
June 2019, Component 3, Q6(a) (1 mark): Apart from the presence of a nucleus, state two other similarities between Paramecium and yeast that place them in the same domain as animal cells. [1]
June 2019, AS Component 1, Q7 (9 marks): A symbiotic relationship is the interaction between two different species living in close physical association to the advantage of both. In 1967, Lynn Margulis
June 2018, Component 1, Q2(a)(i) (1 mark): Describe two major features of a eukaryote which would allow you to distinguish it from a prokaryote. [1] One type of cell wall found in Archaea is shown below.
June 2018, Component 2, Q1(a) (3 marks): The electron micrograph above shows the cell organelle responsible for producing lysosomes. Name the organelle, draw an arrow labelled L on the micrograph to id
June 2018, Component 2, Q2(a)(i) (1 mark): Explain why red blood cells could not have been used to produce the photograph of the chromosomes. [1]
June 2018, AS Component 1, Q4(a)(ii) (2 marks): Label a xylem vessel on the photomicrograph above and explain why a group of xylem vessels form a tissue rather than an organ. [2]
June 2018, AS Component 1, Q5(c)(iv) (2 marks): Both mitochondria and chloroplasts are believed to have evolved from prokaryotes. What evidence does the graph provide that could support this hypothesis? Expla
June 2017, Component 2, Q2(a)(i) (2 marks): Calibrate the eyepiece graticule. Express your answer to one decimal place. [2] 1 eyepiece unit = μm The photomicrographs below were taken at time intervals of
June 2017, Component 2, Q2(a)(ii) (2 marks): Use the eyepiece graticule to measure the length of the pollen tube indicated by an arrow from each photomicrograph. Measure each pollen tube to the nearest who
June 2017, Component 2, Q2(a)(iii) (2 marks): Calculate the actual length of the pollen tubes in μm. Write your answers in the table above. [2]
June 2017, Component 2, Q2(c) (4 marks): Describe the roles of the vesicle and the labelled organelles in the passage of the pollen tubes through the style of a flower. [4]
June 2017, Component 3, Q1(d)(ii) (3 marks): Identify organelles X in the diagram on page 5 and explain why they are found close to the tracheoles. [3]
June 2017, AS Component 1, Q2(a)(ii) (2 marks): Calculate the magnification of the electron micrograph above. Show your working. [2] Magnification = ×
June 2017, AS Component 1, Q2(a)(iii) (3 marks): I. Explain why the process shown in the electron micrograph is an example of holozoic nutrition. [1] II. Describe the digestion of the yeast cell, including the
June 2017, AS Component 1, Q2(b)(i) (2 marks): Describe the structure of a virus and explain why it is not considered to be a cell. [2]
June 2017, AS Component 1, Q2(b)(ii) (3 marks): Calculate the actual length of the bacteriophage along the line shown in the electron micrograph. Show your working and express your answer to two significant f
June 2017, AS Component 2, Q3(a) (2 marks): Use this image to calculate the size of 1 eyepiece unit at this magnification. [2] 1 stage micrometer division = 10 µm 1 eyepiece unit = µm
June 2017, AS Component 2, Q3(b)(ii) (1 mark): Using the eyepiece graticule, the height of the villus and the thickness of the gut wall were measured at the points indicated. The student recorded the followi
June 2017, AS Component 2, Q3(b)(iii) (3 marks): Using the measurement lines shown on the diagram, state if the student’s low power plan is in proportion to the actual specimen. Explain how you reached your co
June 2016, AS Component 1, Q2(a) (1 mark): What are the two major biochemical components present in all viruses? [1]

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