plumiEnthalpy changes of solution and hydration: Edexcel International A Level Chemistry questions
Edexcel International A Level Chemistry past-paper questions on 12.B.3 Enthalpy changes of solution and hydration, 2019–2025, with mark schemes and examiner’s reports where available.
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Q19(c)(i)
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All 25 questions on Enthalpy changes of solution and hydration, as a list
- June 2025, Unit 4, Q19(c)(i) (2 marks): Explain what is meant by the term enthalpy change of hydration. (2)
- June 2025, Unit 4, Q19(c)(ii) (1 mark): Complete the Hess cycle by filling in the empty boxes. (1) Sum of ∆hydH Lattice energy Cu2+(aq) + 2Cl–(aq) ∆solH
- June 2025, Unit 4, Q19(c)(iii) (1 mark): Complete the expression for the enthalpy change of solution using the enthalpy changes of hydration and lattice energy. (1) ΔsolH =
- June 2025, Unit 4, Q19(c)(iv) (2 marks): The lattice energy of copper(II) chloride is −2811 kJ mol−1. Use this value, the data in the table, and your expression in (c)(iii) to calculate the enthalpy ch
- June 2025, Unit 4, Q19(c)(v) (2 marks): The enthalpy change of hydration of Cu+ is −593 kJ mol–1. Explain why the hydration enthalpy of Cu+ is much less exothermic than Cu2+. (2)
- January 2025, Unit 4, Q19(d) (3 marks): The enthalpy change of solution, ∆solH , of sodium hydrogencarbonate is +18.6 kJ mol−1 . Sketch the enthalpy level diagram to show the relationship between the
- October 2024, Unit 4, Q20(c)(i) (1 mark): Complete the Hess Cycle shown by adding appropriate formulae, with state symbols, to the empty boxes. (1) lattice energy standard enthalpy standard enthalpy cha
- October 2024, Unit 4, Q20(c)(ii) (3 marks): Calculate the standard enthalpy change of hydration of chloride ions, ΔhydH [Cl–(g)] , using the cycle and data in (c)(i) and your answer to (b). [If you did no
- June 2024, Unit 4, Q3(a) (1 mark): Which of these statements is true? (1) A the enthalpy change of formation of lead(II) nitrate is –2151 kJ mol–1 B the enthalpy change of solution of lead(II) ni
- June 2024, Unit 4, Q3(b) (1 mark): Using the enthalpy cycle, it can be calculated that the enthalpy change of hydration of a nitrate ion, in kJ mol–1, is (1) A –3598 B –1799 C –628 D –314
- January 2024, Unit 4, Q17(a)(iv) (2 marks): Calculate the standard molar enthalpy change of solution of magnesium chloride, in kJ mol–1, using the data shown and the value for the lattice energy, LE[MgCl2
- October 2023, Unit 4, Q5(a) (1 mark): The enthalpy change of hydration of the calcium ion is –1650 kJ mol–1. What is the enthalpy change of hydration, in kJ mol–1, of the chloride ion? (1) A –728 B
- October 2023, Unit 4, Q5(b) (1 mark): Why is the enthalpy change of hydration for magnesium ions more exothermic than that for calcium ions? (1) A magnesium ions have a larger radius B magnesium ion
- June 2023, Unit 4, Q17(d)(i) (2 marks): Complete the energy cycle including labelled arrows. (2) ΔsolH Ca2+(aq) + 2Cl–(aq) CaCl2(s)
- June 2023, Unit 4, Q17(d)(ii) (2 marks): Calculate the enthalpy change of solution, ΔsolH, for calcium chloride using the data given and the completed energy cycle in (d)(i). (2) Data Energy change / k
- October 2022, Unit 4, Q4 (1 mark): Which of these statements is true? A the enthalpy change of hydration of an ion is always negative B the enthalpy change of solution of an ionic compound is alw
- June 2022, Unit 4, Q16(b)(i) (1 mark): Complete the Hess cycle by filling in the empty box. (1) +(g) + Cl−(g) NH4 Lattice ΔhydH energy NH4Cl(s) ΔsolH
- June 2022, Unit 4, Q16(b)(ii) (1 mark): Complete the expression for the enthalpy change of solution using the hydration enthalpies and lattice energy. (1) ΔsolH =
- June 2022, Unit 4, Q16(b)(iii) (2 marks): Calculate the enthalpy change of solution, using your expression in (b)(ii) and these data. + = −307 kJ mol−1 Enthalpy change of hydration of NH4 Enthalpy chang
- June 2022, Unit 4, Q16(b)(iv) (3 marks): A student suggested that the enthalpy change of solution of ammonium bromide would be of a similar magnitude to the enthalpy change of solution of ammonium chlo
- January 2022, Unit 4, Q2 (1 mark): Some energy changes are given in the table. Value / kJ mol–1 Energy change Lattice energy for CaCl2(s) –2258 Enthalpy change of solution of CaCl2(s) –120 Enthal
- June 2021, Unit 4, Q3 (1 mark): The enthalpy change of solution of sodium sulfate, Na2SO4 , may be calculated using three pieces of data. Which of these pieces of data is not required? A latti
- June 2021, Unit 5, Q21(b)(ii) (3 marks): Explain how stable iron(III) ions can be formed from iron(II) ions in aqueous solution. Refer to the relevant energy changes of these ions only. (3)
- October 2020, Unit 4, Q16(d) (2 marks): Calculate the enthalpy change of solution of calcium chloride, CaCl2. Data ∆hyd H (Ca2+) = −1 650 kJ mol−1 ∆hyd H (Cl−) = −364 kJ mol−1 Experimental lattice ene
- January 2020, Unit 4, Q9 (1 mark): What does X represent on the diagram? Li+(g) + Cl–(g) X LiCl(s) Li+(aq) + Cl–(aq) A sum of enthalpy changes of hydration of the gaseous ions B enthalpy change o
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