plumiPathogen entry and barriers to infection: Edexcel International A Level Biology questions
Edexcel International A Level Biology past-paper questions on 6.3.1 Pathogen entry and barriers to infection, 2019–2025, with mark schemes and examiner’s reports where available.
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Q2(a)
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All 16 questions on Pathogen entry and barriers to infection, as a list
- June 2025, Unit 4, Q2(a) (1 mark): Gut flora are important as they help protect the body from pathogens. State the meaning of the term pathogen. (1)
- January 2025, Unit 4, Q8(a) (2 marks): The diagram shows the distribution of cholera cases by age group and sex at birth in Malawi, in the first nine months of 2022. Key: females males 91 to 100 81 t
- January 2024, Unit 4, Q1(a) (1 mark): Which of the following also act as barriers, protecting the body from infection by bacteria? (1) A antigens and stomach acid B antigens and interferon C interfe
- January 2024, Unit 4, Q1(b)(i) (2 marks): Describe two conclusions that can be made about the different methods of washing hands. (2)
- January 2024, Unit 4, Q1(b)(ii) (2 marks): Explain the differences in the effects that these methods of washing hands have on the skin flora. (2)
- October 2023, Unit 4, Q4(b)(i) (2 marks): The effect on the types of bacteria in the guts of babies fed on breast milk or another source of milk was investigated. The graph shows the proportion of five
- October 2023, Unit 4, Q4(b)(ii) (2 marks): Explain the importance of healthy gut flora in preventing infection in a developing baby. (2)
- June 2023, Unit 4, Q6(a) (1 mark): State the meaning of the term infection. (1)
- October 2022, Unit 4, Q7(b) (2 marks): Explain why it is important that Castaneroxy A does not affect skin flora. (2)
- June 2022, Unit 4, Q3(a)(i) (2 marks): Describe how skin flora protect the body from infection. (2)
- June 2022, Unit 4, Q3(a)(ii) (1 mark): Give one other way in which the skin protects the body from infection. (1)
- June 2022, Unit 4, Q3(b)(i) (3 marks): Describe three conclusions that could be made from this graph. (3)
- October 2021, Unit 5, Q8(d) (4 marks): Explain how the bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis that causes gum disease may invade the brain and cause inflammation in brain regions affected by Alzheimer’s
- January 2021, Unit 4, Q2(c)(i) (2 marks): Explain the role of gut flora in protecting the body from infection. (2)
- October 2020, Unit 4, Q8(b)(i) (2 marks): Explain why bacteria living in our intestines are important. (2)
- October 2020, Unit 4, Q8(b)(ii) (2 marks): Both the molecules on the membranes of the cells lining our intestines and the antigens on red blood cells have sugars attached to protein molecules. Bacteria l
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