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Why do some tectonic hazards develop into disasters?: Edexcel A‑Level Geography questions

Every Edexcel A-Level Geography exam question on Why do some tectonic hazards develop into disasters? (specification points 1.4–1.6), 2017–2025, with its mark scheme and examiner’s report.

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868 questions

  1. Q1(a)(i)

    June 2025 · Paper 1

    1 markWhy do some tectonic hazards develop into disasters?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2025 Paper 1, question 1(a)(i): Calculate the value of (xi −µ)2 for the year 2000. (1) 1 Study Figure 1 which shows significant earthquake events in California, 1999–2022. (Magnitude-Mean)2 Da

  2. Q1(a)(ii)

    June 2025 · Paper 1

    1 markWhy do some tectonic hazards develop into disasters?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2025 Paper 1, question 1(a)(ii): Calculate ∑ (xi −µ)2 (1) 1 Study Figure 1 which shows significant earthquake events in California, 1999–2022. (Magnitude-Mean)2 Date of significant Magnitude (M

  3. Q1(a)(iii)

    June 2025 · Paper 1

    2 marksWhy do some tectonic hazards develop into disasters?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2025 Paper 1, question 1(a)(iii): Using the answer to a(ii) and the formula below, calculate the Standard Deviation (SD) for this data. In this data set n = 12. You must show your working. Give

  4. Q1(b)

    June 2025 · Paper 1

    12 marksWhy do some tectonic hazards develop into disasters?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2025 Paper 1, question 1(b): Assess the importance of community preparedness in influencing the vulnerability of people to tectonic hazards. (12) 1 Study Figure 1 which shows significant ea

  5. Q1(c)

    June 2025 · AS Paper 1

    6 marksWhy do some tectonic hazards develop into disasters?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2025 AS Paper 1, question 1(c): Explain how the Pressure and Release (PAR) model helps to explain vulnerability to hazards. (6) SECTION A The following resource relates to Question 1. 30°E 60°

  6. Q1(d)

    June 2025 · AS Paper 1

    12 marksWhy do some tectonic hazards develop into disasters?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2025 AS Paper 1, question 1(d): Assess the view that earthquakes always have greater impacts than volcanic eruptions. (12) SECTION A The following resource relates to Question 1. 30°E 60°E 90°

  7. Q1(a)(i)

    June 2024 · Paper 1

    2 marksWhy do some tectonic hazards develop into disasters?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 Paper 1, question 1(a)(i): Calculate the mean number of deaths for these earthquake events. Give your answer to one decimal place. You must show your working. (2) 1 Study Figure 1 below.

  8. Q1(a)(ii)

    June 2024 · Paper 1

    2 marksWhy do some tectonic hazards develop into disasters?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 Paper 1, question 1(a)(ii): Calculate the median number of deaths caused by these earthquake events. You must show your working. (2) 1 Study Figure 1 below. This is part of an investigatio

  9. Q1(b)

    June 2024 · Paper 1

    12 marksWhy do some tectonic hazards develop into disasters?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 Paper 1, question 1(b): Assess the importance of levels of development in understanding the impacts of tectonic hazards. (12) 1 Study Figure 1 below. This is part of an investigation s

  10. Q2(a)(i)

    June 2024 · Paper 3

    2 marksWhy do some tectonic hazards develop into disasters?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 Paper 3, question 2(a)(i): Calculate the value of d2 for the United States. Show your working. (2)

  11. Q2(a)(ii)

    June 2024 · Paper 3

    2 marksWhy do some tectonic hazards develop into disasters?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 Paper 3, question 2(a)(ii): Then using the formula below calculate the value of rs.  2 6 d s O 3 r 1 . / 2 3 n n 1 Show your working. Give your answer to one decimal place. (2)

  12. Q2(b)

    June 2024 · Paper 3

    4 marksWhy do some tectonic hazards develop into disasters?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 Paper 3, question 2(b): The result suggests that the null hypothesis should be accepted at the 99% confidence level. Explain why this result may not be reliable. (4)

  13. Q4

    June 2024 · Paper 3

    8 marksWhy do some tectonic hazards develop into disasters?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 Paper 3, question 4: Study Figure 4, Figure 5 and Figure 6 in Section A of the Resource Booklet. Analyse the impact of tectonic and hydrometeorological hazards on the landscape and

  14. Q1(a)

    June 2024 · AS Paper 1

    1 markWhy do some tectonic hazards develop into disasters?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 AS Paper 1, question 1(a): Complete the missing part of the hazard risk equation. (1) SECTION A The following resource relates to Question 1. N Caribbean Sea Port-au-Prince Jeremie 20km E

  15. Q1(e)

    June 2024 · AS Paper 1

    12 marksWhy do some tectonic hazards develop into disasters?Why are some locations more at risk from tectonic hazards?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 AS Paper 1, question 1(e): Assess the view that the most severe volcanic disasters occur on destructive plate boundaries. (12) SECTION A The following resource relates to Question 1. N Ca

  16. Q1(a)(i)

    June 2023 · Paper 1

    1 markWhy do some tectonic hazards develop into disasters?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2023 Paper 1, question 1(a)(i): Calculate Σd2. (1) 1 Study Figure 1 below. The data was collected to investigate whether there was a significant relationship between the population living with

  17. Q1(a)(ii)

    June 2023 · Paper 1

    2 marksWhy do some tectonic hazards develop into disasters?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2023 Paper 1, question 1(a)(ii): The formula for Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient value rs is given below. In this data set n = 10. 2 6 d r s O 1 3 3 3 n n Calculate the value of rs, to

  18. Q1(a)(iii)

    June 2023 · Paper 1

    1 markWhy do some tectonic hazards develop into disasters?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2023 Paper 1, question 1(a)(iii): The tables below show the two hypotheses that are being tested and the critical values of Spearman’s rank rs when n = 10. Null Hypothesis: There is no significa

  19. Q1(b)(i)

    June 2023 · AS Paper 1

    2 marksWhy do some tectonic hazards develop into disasters?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2023 AS Paper 1, question 1(b)(i): Compare the data about earthquakes before and after 2005. (2) SECTION A The following resources relate to Question 1. 7.5 7.0 Earthquake 6.5 magnitude (MMS) 6.0

  20. Q1(b)(ii)

    June 2023 · AS Paper 1

    3 marksWhy do some tectonic hazards develop into disasters?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2023 AS Paper 1, question 1(b)(ii): Suggest one reason why this data might concern the governments of Iraq and Iran. (3) SECTION A The following resources relate to Question 1. 7.5 7.0 Earthquake
All 45 questions on Why do some tectonic hazards develop into disasters?, as a list
  1. June 2025, Paper 1, Q1(a)(i) (1 mark): Calculate the value of (xi −µ)2 for the year 2000. (1) 1 Study Figure 1 which shows significant earthquake events in California, 1999–2022. (Magnitude-Mean)2 Da
  2. June 2025, Paper 1, Q1(a)(ii) (1 mark): Calculate ∑ (xi −µ)2 (1) 1 Study Figure 1 which shows significant earthquake events in California, 1999–2022. (Magnitude-Mean)2 Date of significant Magnitude (M
  3. June 2025, Paper 1, Q1(a)(iii) (2 marks): Using the answer to a(ii) and the formula below, calculate the Standard Deviation (SD) for this data. In this data set n = 12. You must show your working. Give
  4. June 2025, Paper 1, Q1(b) (12 marks): Assess the importance of community preparedness in influencing the vulnerability of people to tectonic hazards. (12) 1 Study Figure 1 which shows significant ea
  5. June 2025, AS Paper 1, Q1(c) (6 marks): Explain how the Pressure and Release (PAR) model helps to explain vulnerability to hazards. (6) SECTION A The following resource relates to Question 1. 30°E 60°
  6. June 2025, AS Paper 1, Q1(d) (12 marks): Assess the view that earthquakes always have greater impacts than volcanic eruptions. (12) SECTION A The following resource relates to Question 1. 30°E 60°E 90°
  7. June 2024, Paper 1, Q1(a)(i) (2 marks): Calculate the mean number of deaths for these earthquake events. Give your answer to one decimal place. You must show your working. (2) 1 Study Figure 1 below.
  8. June 2024, Paper 1, Q1(a)(ii) (2 marks): Calculate the median number of deaths caused by these earthquake events. You must show your working. (2) 1 Study Figure 1 below. This is part of an investigatio
  9. June 2024, Paper 1, Q1(b) (12 marks): Assess the importance of levels of development in understanding the impacts of tectonic hazards. (12) 1 Study Figure 1 below. This is part of an investigation s
  10. June 2024, Paper 3, Q2(a)(i) (2 marks): Calculate the value of d2 for the United States. Show your working. (2)
  11. June 2024, Paper 3, Q2(a)(ii) (2 marks): Then using the formula below calculate the value of rs.  2 6 d s O 3 r 1 . / 2 3 n n 1 Show your working. Give your answer to one decimal place. (2)
  12. June 2024, Paper 3, Q2(b) (4 marks): The result suggests that the null hypothesis should be accepted at the 99% confidence level. Explain why this result may not be reliable. (4)
  13. June 2024, Paper 3, Q4 (8 marks): Study Figure 4, Figure 5 and Figure 6 in Section A of the Resource Booklet. Analyse the impact of tectonic and hydrometeorological hazards on the landscape and
  14. June 2024, AS Paper 1, Q1(a) (1 mark): Complete the missing part of the hazard risk equation. (1) SECTION A The following resource relates to Question 1. N Caribbean Sea Port-au-Prince Jeremie 20km E
  15. June 2024, AS Paper 1, Q1(e) (12 marks): Assess the view that the most severe volcanic disasters occur on destructive plate boundaries. (12) SECTION A The following resource relates to Question 1. N Ca
  16. June 2023, Paper 1, Q1(a)(i) (1 mark): Calculate Σd2. (1) 1 Study Figure 1 below. The data was collected to investigate whether there was a significant relationship between the population living with
  17. June 2023, Paper 1, Q1(a)(ii) (2 marks): The formula for Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient value rs is given below. In this data set n = 10. 2 6 d r s O 1 3 3 3 n n Calculate the value of rs, to
  18. June 2023, Paper 1, Q1(a)(iii) (1 mark): The tables below show the two hypotheses that are being tested and the critical values of Spearman’s rank rs when n = 10. Null Hypothesis: There is no significa
  19. June 2023, AS Paper 1, Q1(b)(i) (2 marks): Compare the data about earthquakes before and after 2005. (2) SECTION A The following resources relate to Question 1. 7.5 7.0 Earthquake 6.5 magnitude (MMS) 6.0
  20. June 2023, AS Paper 1, Q1(b)(ii) (3 marks): Suggest one reason why this data might concern the governments of Iraq and Iran. (3) SECTION A The following resources relate to Question 1. 7.5 7.0 Earthquake
  21. June 2022, Paper 1, Q1(a)(i) (1 mark): Calculate the mean magnitude of these earthquakes. Give your answer to one decimal place. (1) 1 Study Figure 1. This is part of an investigation into the impact
  22. June 2022, Paper 1, Q1(a)(ii) (1 mark): Calculate the median number of deaths caused by these earthquakes. (1) 1 Study Figure 1. This is part of an investigation into the impacts of earthquake events
  23. June 2022, Paper 1, Q1(a)(iii) (2 marks): Calculate the interquartile range of deaths caused by these earthquakes. You must show your working. (2) 1 Study Figure 1. This is part of an investigation into
  24. June 2022, Paper 3, Q1 (4 marks): Explain the differences between hazards and disasters.
  25. June 2022, AS Paper 1, Q1(a) (1 mark): State one characteristic of tectonic hazard profiles. (1) SECTION A The following resources relate to Question 1. N 15 km Box A 5 km Figure 1a A satellite image
  26. June 2022, AS Paper 1, Q1(b)(i) (2 marks): Calculate the area of Box A in Figure 1a. The length has been calculated for you. Show your working. Give your answer to the nearest whole number. (2) SECTION A
  27. June 2022, AS Paper 1, Q1(b)(ii) (3 marks): Study Figure 1b. Earthquakes occurred in this region in 2017. Suggest one factor that could increase hazard risk in Tsangpo Gorge, shown in Figure 1b. (3) SECTI
  28. June 2022, AS Paper 1, Q1(e) (12 marks): Study Figure 1c in the Resource Booklet. Assess the extent to which wealth (GDP per capita) affects the impacts of these earthquakes. (12) SECTION A The followi
  29. November 2021, Paper 1, Q1(a)(i) (1 mark): Using Figure 1b complete Figure 1a by stating the duration of earthquake C. (1) 1 Study Figure 1a and Figure 1b which show the magnitude and duration of eight s
  30. November 2021, Paper 1, Q1(a)(ii) (2 marks): Complete Figure 1b by plotting earthquake F using the data from Figure 1a. (2) 1 Study Figure 1a and Figure 1b which show the magnitude and duration of eight se
  31. November 2021, Paper 1, Q1(a)(iii) (1 mark): Draw a regression (best-fit) line on Figure 1b to show the relationship between earthquake magnitude and duration. (1) 1 Study Figure 1a and Figure 1b which sho
  32. November 2021, Paper 1, Q1(b) (12 marks): Assess the view that the social and economic impacts of earthquakes are mainly the result of their magnitude. (12) 1 Study Figure 1a and Figure 1b which show th
  33. October 2020, Paper 1, Q1(b) (12 marks): Assess the relative importance of physical factors and processes in explaining the impacts of volcanic eruptions. (12) 1 Study Figure 1 below. This data in Figu
  34. October 2020, AS Paper 1, Q1(c) (4 marks): There are complex interrelationships between a hazard and the community it affects. These can be explained by the Pressure and Release Model. Explain two parts
  35. October 2020, AS Paper 1, Q4 (16 marks): Study Figures 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d in the Resource Booklet. Evaluate the view that the risks from tectonic activity in Villarrica National Park outweigh those from
  36. October 2020, AS Paper 1, Q7 (16 marks): Study Figures 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d in the Resource Booklet. Evaluate the view that the risks from tectonic activity in Bali outweigh those from coastal processes.
  37. June 2019, Paper 1, Q1(a)(i) (1 mark): Calculate the mean number of deaths recorded. (1) SECTION A The following resource relates to Question 1. Year Location Deaths recorded 1979 Colombia 600 1991 C
  38. June 2019, Paper 1, Q1(a)(ii) (1 mark): Calculate the median number of deaths recorded. (1) SECTION A The following resource relates to Question 1. Year Location Deaths recorded 1979 Colombia 600 1991
  39. June 2019, Paper 1, Q1(a)(iii) (2 marks): Calculate the interquartile range for the number of deaths recorded. You must show your working. (2) SECTION A The following resource relates to Question 1. Yea
  40. June 2019, Paper 3, Q4 (8 marks): Study Figure 3 and Figure 4 in Section A of the Resource Booklet. Analyse the relationship between earthquake risk and population density in the Japanese archip
  41. June 2019, AS Paper 1, Q1(e) (12 marks): Study Figure 1b in the Resource Booklet. Assess whether areal extent is the most important factor that determines the impact of volcanic eruptions. (12) SECTION
  42. June 2018, Paper 1, Q1(b) (12 marks): Assess the reasons why some communities are more vulnerable than others to tectonic hazards. (12) SECTION A The following resource relates to Question 1. N 0 20
  43. June 2018, Paper 3, Q6 (24 marks): Evaluate the view that climate change and natural hazards pose the most serious threat to the economic, social and political stability of Southeast Asia. (24) C
  44. June 2017, AS Paper 1, Q1(b)(i) (2 marks): Compare the data on the two earthquakes. (2) SECTION A The following resource relates to Question 1. Japan Ecuador • Magnitude 7.0 • Magnitude 7.8 • 40 deaths •
  45. June 2017, AS Paper 1, Q1(e) (12 marks): Assess whether development and governance are the most important factors in understanding the scale of tectonic disasters. (12) SECTION A The following resource

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