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How has climate change influenced the formation of glaciated landscapes over time?: Edexcel A‑Level Geography questions

Every Edexcel A-Level Geography exam question on How has climate change influenced the formation of glaciated landscapes over time? (specification points 2A.1–2A.3), 2017–2025, with its mark scheme and examiner’s report.

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868 questions

  1. Q2(e)

    June 2025 · AS Paper 1

    12 marksHow has climate change influenced the formation of glaciated landscapes over time?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2025 AS Paper 1, question 2(e): Assess whether latitude is the main factor influencing the present-day distribution of ice cover. (12) SECTION B The following resources relate to Questions 2–4

  2. Q2(b)(i)

    June 2024 · AS Paper 1

    2 marksHow has climate change influenced the formation of glaciated landscapes over time?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 AS Paper 1, question 2(b)(i): Calculate the mean expansion of the diameter of the stone polygons. Show your working. Give your answer to 2 decimal places. (2) SECTION B The following resourc

  3. Q2(b)(ii)

    June 2024 · AS Paper 1

    3 marksHow has climate change influenced the formation of glaciated landscapes over time?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 AS Paper 1, question 2(b)(ii): Study Figure 2b in the Resource Booklet. Suggest one reason for the formation of patterned ground shown. (3) SECTION B The following resources relate to Questio

  4. Q2(c)

    June 2023 · Paper 1

    8 marksHow has climate change influenced the formation of glaciated landscapes over time?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2023 Paper 1, question 2(c): Explain the role of melting and refreezing cycles in forming distinctive periglacial landforms. (8) 2 Study Figure 2a in the Resource Booklet. SECTION B The fol

  5. Q2(b)

    June 2023 · AS Paper 1

    4 marksHow has climate change influenced the formation of glaciated landscapes over time?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2023 AS Paper 1, question 2(b): Explain two natural causes of climate change. (4) SECTION B The following resources relate to Question 2. N A Penllyn station B Summit station 0 1 km Figure 2a

  6. Q4

    June 2023 · AS Paper 1

    16 marksHow do glacial processes contribute to the formation of glacial landforms and landscapes?How has climate change influenced the formation of glaciated landscapes over time?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2023 AS Paper 1, question 4: Study Figures 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d in the Resource Booklet. Evaluate the extent to which the distinctive landscape in the St Elias-Wrangell mountain range is cause

  7. Q2(c)

    June 2022 · AS Paper 1

    4 marksHow has climate change influenced the formation of glaciated landscapes over time?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2022 AS Paper 1, question 2(c): Explain the formation of two periglacial landforms. (4) SECTION B The following resources relate to Questions 2–3. Figure 2 Aerial photo of Mt Barnard Glacier,

  8. Q2(a)

    October 2020 · Paper 1

    6 marksHow has climate change influenced the formation of glaciated landscapes over time?
    The whole paper ↗
    October 2020 Paper 1, question 2(a): Explain the role of Milankovitch cycles in causing variations in the relative global ice volume. (6) 2 Study Figure 2a in the Resource Booklet. SECTION B The fo

  9. Q2(b)

    October 2020 · Paper 1

    6 marksHow has climate change influenced the formation of glaciated landscapes over time?
    The whole paper ↗
    October 2020 Paper 1, question 2(b): Explain the role of mean annual air temperature in influencing the distribution of permafrost across Canada. (6) 2 Study Figure 2a in the Resource Booklet. SECT

  10. Q2(a)

    October 2020 · AS Paper 1

    1 markHow has climate change influenced the formation of glaciated landscapes over time?
    The whole paper ↗
    October 2020 AS Paper 1, question 2(a): Define the term ‘cryosphere’. (1) SECTION B The following resources relate to Questions 2–4. Degrees of freedom 0.20 0.10 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.001 18 1.330 1.734 2.

  11. Q2(d)

    October 2020 · AS Paper 1

    6 marksHow has climate change influenced the formation of glaciated landscapes over time?
    The whole paper ↗
    October 2020 AS Paper 1, question 2(d): Using a named example, explain how periglacial landforms produce a distinctive landscape. (6) SECTION B The following resources relate to Questions 2–4. Degrees

  12. Q3(a)(i)

    October 2020 · AS Paper 1

    1 markHow has climate change influenced the formation of glaciated landscapes over time?
    The whole paper ↗
    October 2020 AS Paper 1, question 3(a)(i): Identify the type of landscape shown in Figure 3. (1) A Lowland active B Lowland relict C Upland active D Upland relict Box A Box A Loch Brandy N 0 1km Key Slop

  13. Q2(f)

    June 2019 · AS Paper 1

    12 marksHow has climate change influenced the formation of glaciated landscapes over time?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2019 AS Paper 1, question 2(f): Assess the importance of long-term climate change in explaining the distribution of glacial landscapes. (12) SECTION B The following resources relate to Questio

  14. Q2(a)

    June 2018 · Paper 1

    6 marksHow has climate change influenced the formation of glaciated landscapes over time?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2018 Paper 1, question 2(a): Explain how changes in the position of the snout of the Mer de Glace may provide evidence for changing climate. (6) 2 Study Figure 2a in the Resource Booklet. S

  15. Q2(b)(i)

    June 2018 · AS Paper 1

    2 marksHow has climate change influenced the formation of glaciated landscapes over time?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2018 AS Paper 1, question 2(b)(i): Calculate the percentage loss of permafrost area between 1900 and 2100. Show your working. (2) SECTION B The following resources relate to Questions 2-4. 15 Pas

  16. Q2(b)(ii)

    June 2018 · AS Paper 1

    3 marksHow has climate change influenced the formation of glaciated landscapes over time?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2018 AS Paper 1, question 2(b)(ii): Suggest one way in which these changes may affect periglacial landscapes. (3) SECTION B The following resources relate to Questions 2-4. 15 Past Predicted 10 5

  17. Q2(c)

    June 2018 · AS Paper 1

    4 marksHow has climate change influenced the formation of glaciated landscapes over time?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2018 AS Paper 1, question 2(c): Explain two reasons for the location of present day periglacial landscapes. (4) SECTION B The following resources relate to Questions 2-4. 15 Past Predicted 10

  18. Q2(d)

    June 2018 · AS Paper 1

    6 marksHow has climate change influenced the formation of glaciated landscapes over time?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2018 AS Paper 1, question 2(d): Explain the natural causes of long-term climate change. (6) SECTION B The following resources relate to Questions 2-4. 15 Past Predicted 10 5 0 1900 1950 2000 2
All 18 questions on How has climate change influenced the formation of glaciated landscapes over time?, as a list
  1. June 2025, AS Paper 1, Q2(e) (12 marks): Assess whether latitude is the main factor influencing the present-day distribution of ice cover. (12) SECTION B The following resources relate to Questions 2–4
  2. June 2024, AS Paper 1, Q2(b)(i) (2 marks): Calculate the mean expansion of the diameter of the stone polygons. Show your working. Give your answer to 2 decimal places. (2) SECTION B The following resourc
  3. June 2024, AS Paper 1, Q2(b)(ii) (3 marks): Study Figure 2b in the Resource Booklet. Suggest one reason for the formation of patterned ground shown. (3) SECTION B The following resources relate to Questio
  4. June 2023, Paper 1, Q2(c) (8 marks): Explain the role of melting and refreezing cycles in forming distinctive periglacial landforms. (8) 2 Study Figure 2a in the Resource Booklet. SECTION B The fol
  5. June 2023, AS Paper 1, Q2(b) (4 marks): Explain two natural causes of climate change. (4) SECTION B The following resources relate to Question 2. N A Penllyn station B Summit station 0 1 km Figure 2a
  6. June 2023, AS Paper 1, Q4 (16 marks): Study Figures 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d in the Resource Booklet. Evaluate the extent to which the distinctive landscape in the St Elias-Wrangell mountain range is cause
  7. June 2022, AS Paper 1, Q2(c) (4 marks): Explain the formation of two periglacial landforms. (4) SECTION B The following resources relate to Questions 2–3. Figure 2 Aerial photo of Mt Barnard Glacier,
  8. October 2020, Paper 1, Q2(a) (6 marks): Explain the role of Milankovitch cycles in causing variations in the relative global ice volume. (6) 2 Study Figure 2a in the Resource Booklet. SECTION B The fo
  9. October 2020, Paper 1, Q2(b) (6 marks): Explain the role of mean annual air temperature in influencing the distribution of permafrost across Canada. (6) 2 Study Figure 2a in the Resource Booklet. SECT
  10. October 2020, AS Paper 1, Q2(a) (1 mark): Define the term ‘cryosphere’. (1) SECTION B The following resources relate to Questions 2–4. Degrees of freedom 0.20 0.10 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.001 18 1.330 1.734 2.
  11. October 2020, AS Paper 1, Q2(d) (6 marks): Using a named example, explain how periglacial landforms produce a distinctive landscape. (6) SECTION B The following resources relate to Questions 2–4. Degrees
  12. October 2020, AS Paper 1, Q3(a)(i) (1 mark): Identify the type of landscape shown in Figure 3. (1) A Lowland active B Lowland relict C Upland active D Upland relict Box A Box A Loch Brandy N 0 1km Key Slop
  13. June 2019, AS Paper 1, Q2(f) (12 marks): Assess the importance of long-term climate change in explaining the distribution of glacial landscapes. (12) SECTION B The following resources relate to Questio
  14. June 2018, Paper 1, Q2(a) (6 marks): Explain how changes in the position of the snout of the Mer de Glace may provide evidence for changing climate. (6) 2 Study Figure 2a in the Resource Booklet. S
  15. June 2018, AS Paper 1, Q2(b)(i) (2 marks): Calculate the percentage loss of permafrost area between 1900 and 2100. Show your working. (2) SECTION B The following resources relate to Questions 2-4. 15 Pas
  16. June 2018, AS Paper 1, Q2(b)(ii) (3 marks): Suggest one way in which these changes may affect periglacial landscapes. (3) SECTION B The following resources relate to Questions 2-4. 15 Past Predicted 10 5
  17. June 2018, AS Paper 1, Q2(c) (4 marks): Explain two reasons for the location of present day periglacial landscapes. (4) SECTION B The following resources relate to Questions 2-4. 15 Past Predicted 10
  18. June 2018, AS Paper 1, Q2(d) (6 marks): Explain the natural causes of long-term climate change. (6) SECTION B The following resources relate to Questions 2-4. 15 Past Predicted 10 5 0 1900 1950 2000 2

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