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How do coastal erosion and sea level change alter the physical characteristics of coastlines and increase risks?: Edexcel A‑Level Geography questions

Every Edexcel A-Level Geography exam question on How do coastal erosion and sea level change alter the physical characteristics of coastlines and increase risks? (specification points 2B.7–2B.9), 2017–2025, with its mark scheme and examiner’s report.

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868 questions

  1. Q5(a)

    June 2025 · AS Paper 1

    1 markHow do coastal erosion and sea level change alter the physical characteristics of coastlines and increase risks?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2025 AS Paper 1, question 5(a): State one piece of evidence showing that the sea level has changed. (1) SECTION C The following resources relate to Questions 5–7. Time period Rate of retreat (

  2. Q5(b)(i)

    June 2025 · AS Paper 1

    2 marksHow do coastal erosion and sea level change alter the physical characteristics of coastlines and increase risks?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2025 AS Paper 1, question 5(b)(i): Study Figure 5 in the Resource Booklet. Calculate the interquartile range of the rate of coastal retreat from 1873–2005. You must show your working. (2) SECTION

  3. Q5(d)

    June 2025 · AS Paper 1

    6 marksHow do coastal erosion and sea level change alter the physical characteristics of coastlines and increase risks?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2025 AS Paper 1, question 5(d): Explain how local factors increase flood risk on some low-lying coasts. (6) SECTION C The following resources relate to Questions 5–7. Time period Rate of retre

  4. Q5(e)

    June 2025 · AS Paper 1

    12 marksWhy are coastal landscapes different and what processes cause these differences?How do coastal erosion and sea level change alter the physical characteristics of coastlines and increase risks?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2025 AS Paper 1, question 5(e): Assess whether geology is the main factor influencing the rate of coastal recession. (12) SECTION C The following resources relate to Questions 5–7. Time period

  5. Q7

    June 2025 · AS Paper 1

    16 marksHow do coastal erosion and sea level change alter the physical characteristics of coastlines and increase risks?How can coastlines be managed to meet the needs of all players?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2025 AS Paper 1, question 7: Study Figures 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d in the Resource Booklet. Evaluate the extent to which tectonic and coastal processes create more opportunities than challenges i

  6. Q3(a)

    June 2024 · Paper 1

    6 marksHow do coastal erosion and sea level change alter the physical characteristics of coastlines and increase risks?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 Paper 1, question 3(a): Explain how sea level change contributes to the formation of emergent coastlines. (6) 3 Study Figure 3a in the Resource Booklet. The following resources relate

  7. Q5(b)

    June 2024 · AS Paper 1

    2 marksHow do coastal erosion and sea level change alter the physical characteristics of coastlines and increase risks?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 AS Paper 1, question 5(b): Study Figure 5a below, which shows the measurements taken of the volume of cliff material eroded over a six month period. Average volume of cliff material erode

  8. Q5(c)

    June 2024 · AS Paper 1

    3 marksHow do coastal erosion and sea level change alter the physical characteristics of coastlines and increase risks?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 AS Paper 1, question 5(c): Study Figure 5b in the Resource Booklet. Suggest one reason why the rate of cliff erosion varies at Porthleven. (3) SECTION C The following resources relate to

  9. Q5(f)

    June 2024 · AS Paper 1

    12 marksHow do coastal erosion and sea level change alter the physical characteristics of coastlines and increase risks?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 AS Paper 1, question 5(f): Assess the view that storm surges are the main cause of increasing risk for coastlines. (12) SECTION C The following resources relate to Questions 5 and 6. Figu

  10. Q7

    June 2024 · AS Paper 1

    16 marksHow do coastal erosion and sea level change alter the physical characteristics of coastlines and increase risks?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 AS Paper 1, question 7: Study Figures 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d in the Resource Booklet. Evaluate the relative importance of physical and human factors in causing the Tonga disaster. (16) The

  11. Q3(b)

    June 2023 · Paper 1

    6 marksHow do coastal erosion and sea level change alter the physical characteristics of coastlines and increase risks?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2023 Paper 1, question 3(b): Explain the role of global warming in changing mean sea level since 1920. (6) 3 Study Figure 3a in the Resource Booklet. The following resources relate to Quest

  12. Q5(d)

    June 2023 · AS Paper 1

    12 marksHow do coastal erosion and sea level change alter the physical characteristics of coastlines and increase risks?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2023 AS Paper 1, question 5(d): Assess the contribution of eustatic sea level change to the rate of coastal recession. (12) SECTION C The following resources relate to Question 5 Key N Sea/Riv

  13. Q7

    June 2023 · AS Paper 1

    16 marksHow do coastal erosion and sea level change alter the physical characteristics of coastlines and increase risks?Why are coastal landscapes different and what processes cause these differences?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2023 AS Paper 1, question 7: Study Figures 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d in the Resource Booklet. Evaluate the extent to which the distinctive coastal landscape of Costa Rica is caused by tectonic acti

  14. Q3(c)

    June 2022 · Paper 1

    8 marksHow do coastal erosion and sea level change alter the physical characteristics of coastlines and increase risks?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2022 Paper 1, question 3(c): Explain the role of sea level change in the formation of both emergent and submergent coastlines. (8) 3 Study Figure 3a in the Resource Booklet. The following r

  15. Q3(d)

    June 2022 · Paper 1

    20 marksHow do coastal erosion and sea level change alter the physical characteristics of coastlines and increase risks?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2022 Paper 1, question 3(d): Evaluate the view that global warming is the greatest threat to coastlines and their communities. (20) 3 Study Figure 3a in the Resource Booklet. The following

  16. Q2(a)(i)

    June 2022 · Paper 3

    2 marksHow do coastal erosion and sea level change alter the physical characteristics of coastlines and increase risks?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2022 Paper 3, question 2(a)(i): Calculate the total for (O–E)2 / E for the ‘At risk’ category for Other States (Column 6). Answer to one decimal place. You must show your working. (2)

  17. Q2(a)(ii)

    June 2022 · Paper 3

    2 marksHow do coastal erosion and sea level change alter the physical characteristics of coastlines and increase risks?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2022 Paper 3, question 2(a)(ii): Calculate the value of χ2, using the formula below. . / 2 3 O E  é2 O E Answer to one decimal place. You must show your working. (2)

  18. Q2(b)

    June 2022 · Paper 3

    4 marksHow do coastal erosion and sea level change alter the physical characteristics of coastlines and increase risks?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2022 Paper 3, question 2(b): The result shows that the null hypothesis should be rejected and the alternative hypothesis (shown below) accepted at the 99% confidence level. Alternative hypo

  19. Q6

    June 2022 · Paper 3

    24 marksHow are the carbon and water cycles linked to the global climate system?How do coastal erosion and sea level change alter the physical characteristics of coastlines and increase risks?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2022 Paper 3, question 6: Evaluate the view that without significant global action to address climate change, the future of SIDS is one of decline. (24) SECTION A The characteristics of

  20. Q4(c)

    June 2022 · AS Paper 1

    4 marksHow do coastal erosion and sea level change alter the physical characteristics of coastlines and increase risks?
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2022 AS Paper 1, question 4(c): Explain two characteristics of submergent coastlines. (4) SECTION C The following resources relate to Questions 4–5. A B N Figure 4 The beach either side of a c
All 31 questions on How do coastal erosion and sea level change alter the physical characteristics of coastlines and increase risks?, as a list
  1. June 2025, AS Paper 1, Q5(a) (1 mark): State one piece of evidence showing that the sea level has changed. (1) SECTION C The following resources relate to Questions 5–7. Time period Rate of retreat (
  2. June 2025, AS Paper 1, Q5(b)(i) (2 marks): Study Figure 5 in the Resource Booklet. Calculate the interquartile range of the rate of coastal retreat from 1873–2005. You must show your working. (2) SECTION
  3. June 2025, AS Paper 1, Q5(d) (6 marks): Explain how local factors increase flood risk on some low-lying coasts. (6) SECTION C The following resources relate to Questions 5–7. Time period Rate of retre
  4. June 2025, AS Paper 1, Q5(e) (12 marks): Assess whether geology is the main factor influencing the rate of coastal recession. (12) SECTION C The following resources relate to Questions 5–7. Time period
  5. June 2025, AS Paper 1, Q7 (16 marks): Study Figures 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d in the Resource Booklet. Evaluate the extent to which tectonic and coastal processes create more opportunities than challenges i
  6. June 2024, Paper 1, Q3(a) (6 marks): Explain how sea level change contributes to the formation of emergent coastlines. (6) 3 Study Figure 3a in the Resource Booklet. The following resources relate
  7. June 2024, AS Paper 1, Q5(b) (2 marks): Study Figure 5a below, which shows the measurements taken of the volume of cliff material eroded over a six month period. Average volume of cliff material erode
  8. June 2024, AS Paper 1, Q5(c) (3 marks): Study Figure 5b in the Resource Booklet. Suggest one reason why the rate of cliff erosion varies at Porthleven. (3) SECTION C The following resources relate to
  9. June 2024, AS Paper 1, Q5(f) (12 marks): Assess the view that storm surges are the main cause of increasing risk for coastlines. (12) SECTION C The following resources relate to Questions 5 and 6. Figu
  10. June 2024, AS Paper 1, Q7 (16 marks): Study Figures 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d in the Resource Booklet. Evaluate the relative importance of physical and human factors in causing the Tonga disaster. (16) The
  11. June 2023, Paper 1, Q3(b) (6 marks): Explain the role of global warming in changing mean sea level since 1920. (6) 3 Study Figure 3a in the Resource Booklet. The following resources relate to Quest
  12. June 2023, AS Paper 1, Q5(d) (12 marks): Assess the contribution of eustatic sea level change to the rate of coastal recession. (12) SECTION C The following resources relate to Question 5 Key N Sea/Riv
  13. June 2023, AS Paper 1, Q7 (16 marks): Study Figures 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d in the Resource Booklet. Evaluate the extent to which the distinctive coastal landscape of Costa Rica is caused by tectonic acti
  14. June 2022, Paper 1, Q3(c) (8 marks): Explain the role of sea level change in the formation of both emergent and submergent coastlines. (8) 3 Study Figure 3a in the Resource Booklet. The following r
  15. June 2022, Paper 1, Q3(d) (20 marks): Evaluate the view that global warming is the greatest threat to coastlines and their communities. (20) 3 Study Figure 3a in the Resource Booklet. The following
  16. June 2022, Paper 3, Q2(a)(i) (2 marks): Calculate the total for (O–E)2 / E for the ‘At risk’ category for Other States (Column 6). Answer to one decimal place. You must show your working. (2)
  17. June 2022, Paper 3, Q2(a)(ii) (2 marks): Calculate the value of χ2, using the formula below. . / 2 3 O E  é2 O E Answer to one decimal place. You must show your working. (2)
  18. June 2022, Paper 3, Q2(b) (4 marks): The result shows that the null hypothesis should be rejected and the alternative hypothesis (shown below) accepted at the 99% confidence level. Alternative hypo
  19. June 2022, Paper 3, Q6 (24 marks): Evaluate the view that without significant global action to address climate change, the future of SIDS is one of decline. (24) SECTION A The characteristics of
  20. June 2022, AS Paper 1, Q4(c) (4 marks): Explain two characteristics of submergent coastlines. (4) SECTION C The following resources relate to Questions 4–5. A B N Figure 4 The beach either side of a c
  21. June 2022, AS Paper 1, Q5 (16 marks): Study Figures 5a, 5b, 5c and 5d in the Resource Booklet. Evaluate the view that people are the main threat to Iceland’s coastal landscape. (16) The following re
  22. November 2021, Paper 1, Q3(a) (6 marks): Explain how changes in sea level have produced different coastlines. (6) 3 Study Figure 3a in the Resource Booklet. The following resources relate to Question 3
  23. October 2020, Paper 1, Q3(a) (6 marks): Explain the role of isostatic processes in causing changes in relative sea level. (6) 3 Study Figure 3a in the Resource Booklet. The following resources relate
  24. October 2020, AS Paper 1, Q5(a) (1 mark): Define the term ‘eustatic sea level change’. (1) SECTION C The following resources relate to Questions 5–7. Degrees of freedom 0.20 0.10 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.001 18
  25. October 2020, AS Paper 1, Q5(e) (12 marks): Assess the importance of subaerial processes in contributing to the rate of coastal recession. (12) SECTION C The following resources relate to Questions 5–7. D
  26. October 2020, AS Paper 1, Q7 (16 marks): Study Figures 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d in the Resource Booklet. Evaluate the view that the risks from tectonic activity in Bali outweigh those from coastal processes.
  27. June 2019, Paper 1, Q3(d) (20 marks): Evaluate the view that coastal flood risks are increasing mainly because of rising sea levels. (20) 3 Study Figure 3a in the Resource Booklet. The following res
  28. June 2019, AS Paper 1, Q5(f) (12 marks): Assess the importance of longer term sea-level change in explaining the risks at different coastlines. (12) SECTION C The following resources relate to Question
  29. June 2018, AS Paper 1, Q5(b)(i) (2 marks): Calculate the percentage sea level change between 1950 and 2010. Show your working. (2) SECTION C The following resources relate to Questions 5–7. 180 180 120 1
  30. June 2018, AS Paper 1, Q5(b)(ii) (3 marks): Suggest one way in which these changes may affect coastal landscapes. (3) SECTION C The following resources relate to Questions 5–7. 180 180 120 120 60 60 0 0 -
  31. June 2018, AS Paper 1, Q5(c) (4 marks): Explain two physical reasons why some locations are at risk from coastal flooding. (4) SECTION C The following resources relate to Questions 5–7. 180 180 120 12

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