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Inferential testing: AQA A‑Level Psychology questions

Every AQA A-Level Psychology exam question on 4.2.3.3 Inferential testing, 2020–2025, with its mark scheme and examiner’s report.

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669 questions

  1. Q09

    June 2025 · Paper 1

    6 marks4.2.3.3 Inferential testing
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2025 Paper 1, question 09: In an investigation into the accuracy of eyewitness testimony, 40 participants were shown the same film of a car crash. Following the film, they were randomly a

  2. Q15

    June 2025 · Paper 2

    7 marks4.2.3.3 Inferential testing
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2025 Paper 2, question 15: Identify an appropriate statistical test to analyse the data collected in this study. Explain three reasons for your choice. [7 marks]

  3. Q16

    June 2025 · Paper 2

    3 marks4.2.3.3 Inferential testing
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2025 Paper 2, question 16: The researcher found that the difference in results between the two groups was significant at p<0.01 Explain what is meant by ‘significant at p<0.01’ in the con

  4. Q05

    June 2024 · Paper 1

    3 marks4.2.3.3 Inferential testing
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 Paper 1, question 05: A researcher wanted to test if there is a relationship between the passage of time and recall of nonsense words. They gave 30 participants 40 nonsense words to

  5. Q06

    June 2024 · Paper 1

    5 marks4.2.3.3 Inferential testing
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 Paper 1, question 06: Suggest an appropriate statistical test to improve this investigation. With reference to the study, outline two reasons for your choice of test. [5 marks]

  6. Q23

    June 2024 · Paper 2

    6 marks4.2.3.3 Inferential testing
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 Paper 2, question 23: The researcher decided to use an unrelated t-test to analyse the raw data from the study on sandpit play. Explain three reasons for this choice in the context o

  7. Q24

    June 2024 · Paper 2

    2 marks4.2.3.3 Inferential testing
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 Paper 2, question 24: With reference to the critical values in Table 2 above, explain whether or not there was a significant difference between the two age groups at the 5% level of

  8. Q25

    June 2024 · Paper 2

    3 marks4.2.3.3 Inferential testing
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 Paper 2, question 25: Referring to the critical values in Table 2, explain why the researcher is very unlikely to have made a Type I error. [3 marks]

  9. Q17

    June 2023 · Paper 2

    2 marks4.2.3.3 Inferential testing
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2023 Paper 2, question 17: Explain what it would mean if the results in the above study were significant at the 0.01 level. [2 marks]

  10. Q18

    June 2023 · Paper 2

    2 marks4.2.3.3 Inferential testing
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2023 Paper 2, question 18: Explain what is meant by a type II error in the context of this study. [2 marks]

  11. Q19

    June 2023 · Paper 2

    1 mark4.2.3.3 Inferential testing
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2023 Paper 2, question 19: Suggest one way the psychologist could reduce the chance of a type II error. [1 mark]

  12. Q22

    June 2023 · Paper 2

    5 marks4.2.3.3 Inferential testing
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2023 Paper 2, question 22: Suggest an appropriate statistical test that could be used to analyse the data in your study and explain two reasons for your choice in the context of your stud

  13. Q26

    June 2023 · Paper 3

    4 marks4.3.8 Aggression4.2.3.3 Inferential testing
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2023 Paper 3, question 26: Referring to information about the study, explain two other reasons why it was appropriate to use a Chi-Squared test in this case. [4 marks]

  14. Q31

    June 2023 · Paper 3

    4 marks4.3.9 Forensic psychology4.2.3.3 Inferential testing
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2023 Paper 3, question 31: Referring to information about the study, explain two other reasons why it was appropriate to use a Chi-Squared test in this case. [4 marks]

  15. Q36

    June 2023 · Paper 3

    4 marks4.3.10 Addiction4.2.3.3 Inferential testing
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2023 Paper 3, question 36: Referring to information about the study, explain two other reasons why it was appropriate to use a Chi-Squared test in this case. [4 marks]

  16. Q10

    June 2023 · AS Paper 2

    4 marks4.2.3.3 Inferential testing
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2023 AS Paper 2, question 10: The psychologist analysed the results of the study using the sign test. Explain two reasons why it was appropriate to use the sign test in this situation. Refer

  17. Q11

    June 2023 · AS Paper 2

    3 marks4.2.3.3 Inferential testing
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2023 AS Paper 2, question 11: Use the data in Table 1 to calculate the value of S using the sign test. Explain how you calculated this figure. [3 marks]

  18. Q15

    June 2022 · Paper 1

    2 marks4.2.3.3 Inferential testing
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2022 Paper 1, question 15: A biological psychologist wanted to see if there was a positive correlation between heart rate (measured in beats per minute) and levels of a stress hormone (me

  19. Q17

    June 2022 · Paper 1

    4 marks4.2.3.3 Inferential testing
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2022 Paper 1, question 17: .389 .456 18 .378 .444 19 .369 .433 20 .360 .423 Calculated value of r must be equal to or more than the critical value for significance to be shown Degrees of

  20. Q15

    June 2022 · Paper 2

    7 marks4.2.3.3 Inferential testing
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2022 Paper 2, question 15: Identify an appropriate statistical test that the researcher could use to analyse the social behaviour scores in this study. Explain three reasons for your choi
All 32 questions on Inferential testing, as a list
  1. June 2025, Paper 1, Q09 (6 marks): In an investigation into the accuracy of eyewitness testimony, 40 participants were shown the same film of a car crash. Following the film, they were randomly a
  2. June 2025, Paper 2, Q15 (7 marks): Identify an appropriate statistical test to analyse the data collected in this study. Explain three reasons for your choice. [7 marks]
  3. June 2025, Paper 2, Q16 (3 marks): The researcher found that the difference in results between the two groups was significant at p<0.01 Explain what is meant by ‘significant at p<0.01’ in the con
  4. June 2024, Paper 1, Q05 (3 marks): A researcher wanted to test if there is a relationship between the passage of time and recall of nonsense words. They gave 30 participants 40 nonsense words to
  5. June 2024, Paper 1, Q06 (5 marks): Suggest an appropriate statistical test to improve this investigation. With reference to the study, outline two reasons for your choice of test. [5 marks]
  6. June 2024, Paper 2, Q23 (6 marks): The researcher decided to use an unrelated t-test to analyse the raw data from the study on sandpit play. Explain three reasons for this choice in the context o
  7. June 2024, Paper 2, Q24 (2 marks): With reference to the critical values in Table 2 above, explain whether or not there was a significant difference between the two age groups at the 5% level of
  8. June 2024, Paper 2, Q25 (3 marks): Referring to the critical values in Table 2, explain why the researcher is very unlikely to have made a Type I error. [3 marks]
  9. June 2023, Paper 2, Q17 (2 marks): Explain what it would mean if the results in the above study were significant at the 0.01 level. [2 marks]
  10. June 2023, Paper 2, Q18 (2 marks): Explain what is meant by a type II error in the context of this study. [2 marks]
  11. June 2023, Paper 2, Q19 (1 mark): Suggest one way the psychologist could reduce the chance of a type II error. [1 mark]
  12. June 2023, Paper 2, Q22 (5 marks): Suggest an appropriate statistical test that could be used to analyse the data in your study and explain two reasons for your choice in the context of your stud
  13. June 2023, Paper 3, Q26 (4 marks): Referring to information about the study, explain two other reasons why it was appropriate to use a Chi-Squared test in this case. [4 marks]
  14. June 2023, Paper 3, Q31 (4 marks): Referring to information about the study, explain two other reasons why it was appropriate to use a Chi-Squared test in this case. [4 marks]
  15. June 2023, Paper 3, Q36 (4 marks): Referring to information about the study, explain two other reasons why it was appropriate to use a Chi-Squared test in this case. [4 marks]
  16. June 2023, AS Paper 2, Q10 (4 marks): The psychologist analysed the results of the study using the sign test. Explain two reasons why it was appropriate to use the sign test in this situation. Refer
  17. June 2023, AS Paper 2, Q11 (3 marks): Use the data in Table 1 to calculate the value of S using the sign test. Explain how you calculated this figure. [3 marks]
  18. June 2022, Paper 1, Q15 (2 marks): A biological psychologist wanted to see if there was a positive correlation between heart rate (measured in beats per minute) and levels of a stress hormone (me
  19. June 2022, Paper 1, Q17 (4 marks): .389 .456 18 .378 .444 19 .369 .433 20 .360 .423 Calculated value of r must be equal to or more than the critical value for significance to be shown Degrees of
  20. June 2022, Paper 2, Q15 (7 marks): Identify an appropriate statistical test that the researcher could use to analyse the social behaviour scores in this study. Explain three reasons for your choi
  21. June 2022, Paper 3, Q02 (4 marks): Explain two reasons why it was appropriate to use a Wilcoxon test in this situation. Refer to the description of the study in your answer. [4 marks]
  22. November 2021, Paper 1, Q13 (7 marks): Researchers investigated whether the experience of bullying is influenced by attachment type. They interviewed teenagers about their early attachment experience
  23. November 2021, Paper 2, Q20 (4 marks): Explain why Spearman’s rho was a suitable test for this study. Refer to the description of the study in your answer. [4 marks]
  24. November 2021, Paper 2, Q21 (4 marks): Identify the appropriate critical value from Table 1. Explain your choice. [4 marks]
  25. November 2021, Paper 2, Q22 (2 marks): Explain whether the researcher’s hypothesis should be accepted. Refer to the critical value identified in Question 21 in your answer. [2 marks]
  26. November 2021, Paper 2, Q23 (2 marks): Explain why the researcher decided to use the 5% level of significance rather than the 1% level in this study. [2 marks]
  27. November 2021, Paper 2, Q24 (2 marks): Explain what is meant by a Type II error in the context of this study. [2 marks]
  28. November 2021, Paper 3, Q04 (4 marks): What do the students need to do with the data in Table 1 so that they can answer their teacher’s question? Explain your answer. [4 marks]
  29. November 2020, Paper 2, Q22 (7 marks): The psychologist wanted to test the statistical significance of the data. Identify the most appropriate choice of statistical test for analysing the data collec
  30. November 2020, Paper 3, Q06 (5 marks): Suggest a more appropriate statistical test of difference for the student to use with this data. Explain two reasons for your choice based on the description of
  31. November 2020, Paper 3, Q11 (5 marks): Suggest a more appropriate statistical test of difference for the student to use with this data. Explain two reasons for your choice based on the description of
  32. November 2020, Paper 3, Q16 (5 marks): Suggest a more appropriate statistical test of difference for the student to use with this data. Explain two reasons for your choice based on the description of

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