plumiHubble's law: AQA A‑Level Physics questions
AQA A-Level Physics past-paper questions on 3.9.3.2 Hubble's law, 2008–2025, with mark schemes and examiner’s reports where available.
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Q03.1
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All 23 questions on Hubble's law, as a list
- June 2025, Paper 3 Astrophysics, Q03.1 (3 marks): The galaxy M87 is at a distance of 5.3 × 107 ly from the Earth. Determine, in m s−1, the recessional velocity of M87 relative to the Earth. [3 marks] recessiona
- June 2024, Paper 3 Astrophysics, Q04.1 (2 marks): The Andromeda Galaxy approaches the Milky Way at a speed of 110 km s−1. The distance between the galaxies is 770 kpc. Discuss whether these data can be used to
- June 2023, Paper 3 Astrophysics, Q05.1 (3 marks): Estimate, using Figure 2, the age in seconds of the Universe. [3 marks] age of Universe = s
- June 2023, Paper 3 Astrophysics, Q05.2 (2 marks): The estimate in Question 05.1 assumes that the Universe has expanded at a constant rate. Measurements involving type 1a supernovae that are at large distances f
- June 2022, Paper 3 Astrophysics, Q04 (6 marks): In the middle of the 20th century, there were two competing theories of the Universe. In 1964, electromagnetic radiation was observed coming from all directions
- November 2021, Paper 3 Astrophysics, Q04.2 (4 marks): IC2497 has a red shift of 0.0516 Determine the distance from the Earth to IC2497. Give an appropriate unit for your answer. [4 marks] distance = unit =
- November 2020, Paper 3 Astrophysics, Q03.3 (6 marks): Measurements of type 1a supernovae are used to find a value for the Hubble constant. The distance from Earth is known for many type 1a supernovae. Describe how
- June 2019, Paper 3 Astrophysics, Q04.1 (3 marks): Table 3 contains information about two galaxies. Table 3 Galaxy Red shift, z Distance from Earth / ly NGC 936 4.8 × 10–3 6.8 × 107 NGC 3379 3.0 × 10–3 3.2 × 107
- June 2018, Paper 3 Astrophysics, Q03.2 (4 marks): At a distance of 5.81 × 108 light year, Markarian-231 is the closest known quasar to the Earth. The red shift z of Markarian-231 is 0.0415 Use these data to est
- June 2018, Paper 3 Astrophysics, Q04.1 (3 marks): Explain what is meant by cosmological microwave background radiation and how its existence supports the Big Bang theory. [3 marks]
- June 2018, Paper 3 Astrophysics, Q04.2 (3 marks): Explain how the relative abundance of hydrogen and helium supports the Big Bang theory. [3 marks]
- June 2017, Paper 3 Astrophysics, Q04.3 (3 marks): Measurements of type 1a supernovae in 1999 led to a controversy concerning the behaviour of the Universe. Describe this controversy and how the measurements led
- June 2016, PHYA5 Astrophysics (old spec), Q4(b)(ii) (1 mark): Measurements of the red shift of the quasar suggest the expansion of the Universe has accelerated since the detected light left the quasar. State the cause of t
- June 2015, PHYA5 Astrophysics (old spec), Q4(c) (3 marks): NGC 3842 is 3.3 × 108 light years from the Earth, and is receding at a velocity of 6.3 × 106 m s–1. Estimate, using these data, an age in seconds for the Univer
- June 2014, PHYA5 Astrophysics (old spec), Q2(a) (6 marks): Explain what is meant by the Big Bang theory. Your answer should include: l a description of the main aspects of the theory l an explanation of the different pi
- June 2013, PHYA5 Astrophysics (old spec), Q4(b)(i) (3 marks): Use these data to calculate a value for the Hubble constant. value kms–1 Mpc–1 (3 marks)
- June 2013, PHYA5 Astrophysics (old spec), Q4(b)(ii) (3 marks): Use your answer to part (b)(i) to estimate a value for the age of the Universe. State an appropriate unit for your answer. age unit (3 marks) Copyright © 2013 A
- June 2012, PHYA5 Astrophysics (old spec), Q4(a) (4 marks): Cygnus A has a redshift, z, of 0.057. Calculate the distance to Cygnus A. State an appropriate unit. answer = unit = (4 marks)
- June 2011, PHYA5 Astrophysics (old spec), Q3(a)(ii) (2 marks): Calculate the recessive velocity of the Antennae Galaxies. answer = km s–1 (2 marks)
- June 2011, PHYA5 Astrophysics (old spec), Q3(c) (1 mark): Why is it important for astronomers to have several independent methods of determining the distance to galaxies? (1 mark)
- June 2010, PHYA5 Astrophysics (old spec), Q4(a) (6 marks): In 1997 a type 1a supernova was observed which contributed to the controversial conclusion that the expansion of the Universe is accelerating. Explain why obser
- June 2010, PHYA5 Astrophysics (old spec), Q4(b)(ii) (2 marks): Calculate the distance to this galaxy. distance = Mpc (2 marks) Copyright © 2010 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.
- June 2008, PHA5W (2008 spec), Q5(b) (4 marks): 5 (b) Analysis of radio waves from the galaxy IZW 1, suggest it is 800 million light years from Earth. 5 (b) (i) Calculate the recessional speed of the galaxy.
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