Organic chemistry: OCR GCSE Chemistry A questions

Every OCR GCSE Chemistry A exam question on C6.2 Organic chemistry, 2018–2025, with its mark scheme and examiner’s report.

All 202 questions on Organic chemistry, as a list

June 2025, Paper 1 Foundation, Q4 (1 mark): Which type of molecule is shown in the diagram? H H C C Cl H n A Alkane B Alkene C Monomer D Polymer Your answer [1]
June 2025, Paper 2 Foundation, Q1 (1 mark): Butane is an alkane. What is a use for butane? A Ceramics B Fertiliser C Fuel D Surfacing roads Your answer [1]
June 2025, Paper 2 Foundation, Q3 (1 mark): Which molecule can be cracked to make octane, C8H18? A C6H12 B C6H14 C C8H16 D C12H26 Your answer [1]
June 2025, Paper 2 Foundation, Q5 (1 mark): Crude oil is separated into fractions by fractional distillation. X 50 °C 120 °C 250 °C Crude oil vapour 350 °C Which fraction is obtained at X? A Bitumen B Die
June 2025, Paper 2 Foundation, Q8 (1 mark): Which of the following formulas is for a hydrocarbon? A CH2CH2CH2OH B C4H8Cl 2 C C6H12O6 D H2C=CHCH2CH3 Your answer [1]
June 2025, Paper 2 Foundation, Q10 (1 mark): What are the products of the complete combustion of methane? A Carbon and water B Carbon, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water C Carbon dioxide and water D
June 2025, Paper 2 Foundation, Q11 (1 mark): The alkanes have the general formula CnH2n+2. What is the formula for the alkane with 7 carbon atoms? A C7H14 B C7H16 C C7H18 D C7H20 Your answer [1]
June 2025, Paper 2 Foundation, Q18(c)(i) (1 mark): State the name of product A. [1]
June 2025, Paper 2 Foundation, Q18(c)(ii) (1 mark): State the colour change when bromine is added to propene to make product B. [1]
June 2025, Paper 2 Foundation, Q18(c)(iii) (2 marks): Poly(propene) is made by addition polymerisation of propene monomers. Complete the structure of poly(propene) in the box on Fig. 18.1. [2]
June 2025, Paper 2 Foundation, Q18(d)(i) (2 marks): Propene reacts with hydrogen to make propane, C3H8. Describe how the structure of propane is different from propene. Use ideas about covalent bonds. Propane Pro
June 2025, Paper 2 Foundation, Q18(d)(ii) (1 mark): Table 18.2 shows the boiling points of the first four alkenes. Table 18.2 Boiling point (°C) Ethene –104 Propene – 47 Butene – 6 Pentene 30 State what happens t
June 2025, Paper 3 Higher, Q7 (1 mark): What type of bonding is found in all polymers? A Covalent B Electrostatic C Ionic D Metallic Your answer [1]
June 2025, Paper 4 Higher, Q3 (1 mark): The alkanes are a homologous series of molecules. Which statement about different alkane molecules is correct? A The molecular formula of the molecules differs
June 2025, Paper 4 Higher, Q10 (1 mark): What is the correct equation for the complete combustion of butane? C4H10 + 21 A 2O2 4C + 5H2O C4H10 + 41 B 2O2 4CO + 5H2O C4H10 + 61 C 2O2 4CO2 + 5H2O D C4H10
June 2025, Paper 4 Higher, Q18(c) (2 marks): Poly(propene) is a polymer made from the monomer propene. H H C C H CH3 Propene Draw the structure of the polymer poly(propene). [2]
June 2025, Paper 4 Higher, Q18(d) (2 marks): Propene reacts with hydrogen. Complete the equation for this reaction. H H C C + H2 H CH3 [2]
June 2025, Paper 4 Higher, Q19(a) (2 marks): State the name of the functional group in molecule X and molecule Y. Molecule X Molecule Y [2]
June 2025, Paper 4 Higher, Q19(b) (1 mark): Molecule X reacts with molecule Y to form polymer Z. Polymer Z is a polyester because it contains an ester functional group. Polymer Z is shown in Fig. 19.2. Fi
June 2025, Paper 4 Higher, Q19(c) (3 marks): Polyester is a condensation polymer. Nylon is also a condensation polymer. Nylon can be made in the laboratory using two solutions, A and B, as shown in Fig. 19
June 2025, Paper 4 Higher, Q19(d) (1 mark): The monomer in solution A contains two NH2 groups. The monomer in solution B contains two COCl groups. State the formula of the small molecule made as well as t
June 2025, Paper 4 Higher, Q19(e) (1 mark): A naturally occurring polymer is made by combining monomers called nucleotides. State the name of this natural polymer. [1]
June 2024, Paper 1 Foundation, Q18(b)(ii) (2 marks): Describe two differences between a polymer used to make a plastic bag and a polymer used to make a plastic bottle. 1 2 [2]
June 2024, Paper 1 Foundation, Q18(c) (2 marks): A scientist wants to choose a polymer that is suitable for making a plastic ruler. The scientist says that a polymer that stretches will not be suitable for mak
June 2024, Paper 1 Foundation, Q18(d)(i) (1 mark): Describe the relationship between the melting point of the sample and the distance the sample stretches before breaking. [1]
June 2024, Paper 2 Foundation, Q5 (1 mark): How many different monomers (nucleotides) is DNA made from? A 2 B 3 C 4 D 5 Your answer [1]
June 2024, Paper 2 Foundation, Q6 (1 mark): What is the functional group in an alcohol molecule? A –C–H B –C=C– C –COOH D –O–H Your answer [1]
June 2024, Paper 2 Foundation, Q14 (1 mark): Which substance is an unsaturated hydrocarbon? A CH4 B C2H6 C C3H6 D C3H8 Your answer [1]
June 2024, Paper 2 Foundation, Q16(a) (1 mark): The first member of the alkane homologous series is methane, CH4. State the name of the next alkane in the homologous series, C2H6. [1]
June 2024, Paper 2 Foundation, Q16(b) (2 marks): Complete the balanced symbol equation for the complete combustion of methane. CH4 + 2 ………. CO2 + … H2O [2]
June 2024, Paper 2 Foundation, Q16(d) (3 marks): Methane is obtained from the fractional distillation of crude oil. Complete the sentences to explain why crude oil is separated by fractional distillation. Crud
June 2024, Paper 2 Foundation, Q16(e) (1 mark): Fractional distillation produces a large amount of long chain molecules. There is a high demand for short chain molecules. Put a ring round the name of the proc
June 2024, Paper 2 Foundation, Q16(f) (4 marks): Draw lines to connect each description with its correct structural formula. Description Structural Formula H H H H C C C H H H H Can be oxidised to a carboxylic
June 2024, Paper 4 Higher, Q1 (1 mark): Which substance is an unsaturated hydrocarbon? A CH4 B C2H6 C C3H6 D C3H8 Your answer [1]
June 2024, Paper 4 Higher, Q4 (1 mark): Which of these is one of the four nucleotides in the polymer DNA? A Cytosine B Deoxyribose C Fructose D Phosphate Your answer [1]
June 2024, Paper 4 Higher, Q5 (1 mark): Polyesters are condensation polymers. Which monomers are polyesters made from? A A carboxylic acid and an ester B An alcohol and a carboxylic acid C An alcohol
June 2024, Paper 4 Higher, Q11 (1 mark): The polymer nylon can be made from hexanedioyl dichloride, Cl OC(CH2)4COCl , and hexane-1,6-diamine, NH2(CH2)6NH2. Which small molecule is made as well as nylon
June 2024, Paper 4 Higher, Q19(a) (1 mark): State the formula of the alkane with 10 carbon atoms. [1]
June 2024, Paper 4 Higher, Q19(b) (2 marks): Write the balanced symbol equation for the complete combustion of methane. [2]
June 2024, Paper 4 Higher, Q19(c) (1 mark): Methane can also undergo incomplete combustion. Carbon monoxide and water are made in incomplete combustion. State one other possible product of the incomplete
June 2024, Paper 4 Higher, Q19(d) (4 marks): Alkanes are obtained from the fractional distillation of crude oil. LPG Petrol Paraffin Fuel oil Crude oil Bitumen The LPG fraction contains propane and butane.
June 2024, Paper 4 Higher, Q19(e) (1 mark): Which industry is crude oil a feedstock for? [1]
June 2024, Paper 4 Higher, Q19(f) (4 marks): Draw lines to connect each description with its correct structural formula. Description Structural Formula H H O H C C C O H H H Made by an addition reaction be
June 2023, Paper 2 Foundation, Q5 (1 mark): What is the displayed formula of ethanol? A H O H C C O H H B H H H C C O H H H C H H H O C C O H H H D H H H H C C C O H H H H Your answer [1]
June 2023, Paper 2 Foundation, Q7 (1 mark): Methane is a hydrocarbon. Which substance cannot be produced when methane burns in air? A Carbon B Carbon dioxide C Hydrogen D Water Your answer [1]
June 2023, Paper 2 Foundation, Q14 (1 mark): Crude oil is a resource that is being made extremely slowly. Which word describes a resource that is being made extremely slowly? A Finite B Hydrocarbon C Non‑r
June 2023, Paper 2 Foundation, Q18(a) (2 marks): Write the balanced symbol equation for the complete combustion of propane. [2]
June 2023, Paper 2 Foundation, Q18(c) (1 mark): Complete the displayed formula of propane, C3H8. H C [1]
June 2023, Paper 2 Foundation, Q20(a) (3 marks): Which of these three molecules would be separated highest up the fractionating column? Explain your answer using ideas about molecular size and boiling point. M
June 2023, Paper 2 Foundation, Q20(b)(i) (1 mark): State the name of molecule X, C2H4. [1]
June 2023, Paper 2 Foundation, Q20(b)(ii) (1 mark): Molecule X has the general formula CnH2n. Octacosane and dodecane are both alkanes and have a different general formula. State the general formula of the alkane
June 2023, Paper 2 Foundation, Q20(c)(i) (1 mark): Calculate the percentage demand for naphtha. Percentage demand for naphtha = % [1]
June 2023, Paper 2 Foundation, Q20(c)(ii) (1 mark): Suggest why fuel oil, rather than diesel oil, is cracked to obtain petrol. [1]
June 2023, Paper 2 Foundation, Q23(b) (2 marks): This is the repeating unit in polymer B. C6H5 H C C H H n Draw the structure of the monomer from which polymer B is made. [2]
June 2023, Paper 2 Foundation, Q23(c) (2 marks): Some substances are naturally occurring polymers. Draw lines to connect each monomer with its naturally occurring polymer. Monomer Polymer amino acids DNA nucle
June 2023, Paper 3 Higher, Q21(a) (3 marks): Which of the substances is a polymer? Explain your answer. Substance Reason [3]
June 2023, Paper 3 Higher, Q21(b) (2 marks): Fig. 21.1 shows two different polymer structures. Fig. 21.1 Cross-link Explain why polymers without cross-links can stretch more than polymers with cross-links.
June 2023, Paper 4 Higher, Q1 (1 mark): Crude oil is a resource that is being made extremely slowly. Which word describes a resource that is being made extremely slowly? A Finite B Hydrocarbon C Non‑r
June 2023, Paper 4 Higher, Q10 (1 mark): Which of these homologous series can form addition polymers? A Alcohols and carboxylic acids B Alkenes and alkanes C Alkenes only D Carboxylic acids only Your a
June 2023, Paper 4 Higher, Q12 (1 mark): Ethane is a very small hydrocarbon molecule. Which row about ethane is correct? Easy to ignite? Boiling point A high 3 B high 7 C low 3 D low 7 Your answer [1]
June 2023, Paper 4 Higher, Q14 (1 mark): Ethene, C2H4, reacts with bromine in an addition reaction. What is the structural formula of the product? A Br Br H C C H H H B Br Br C C H H C Br Br H C C H Br
June 2023, Paper 4 Higher, Q17(b) (2 marks): This is the repeating unit in polymer B. C6H5 H C C H H n Draw the structure of the monomer from which polymer B is made. [2]
June 2023, Paper 4 Higher, Q17(c) (2 marks): Some substances are naturally occurring polymers. Draw lines to connect each monomer with its naturally occurring polymer. Monomer Polymer amino acids DNA nucle
June 2023, Paper 4 Higher, Q20(a) (2 marks): Write the balanced symbol equation for the complete combustion of butane. [2]
June 2023, Paper 4 Higher, Q20(c)(i) (1 mark): Predict the boiling point of tetracosane. Boiling point of tetracosane = °C [1]
June 2023, Paper 4 Higher, Q20(c)(ii) (3 marks): Octacosane is separated lower down the fractionating column than the other three molecules in Table 20.2. Explain why using ideas about intermolecular forces. [
June 2023, Paper 4 Higher, Q20(d) (2 marks): Cracking breaks down large molecules produced in fractional distillation into more useful molecules. The equation shows the cracking of octacosane to make dodec
June 2023, Paper 4 Higher, Q20(e) (2 marks): Table 20.3 shows the percentage supply and demand for some of the different fractions obtained from crude oil. Table 20.3 Percentage supply Percentage demand Fr
June 2023, Paper 4 Higher, Q21(d)(i) (2 marks): Draw the structural formula of methanol, CH3OH. [2]
June 2023, Paper 4 Higher, Q21(d)(ii) (1 mark): State the functional group in methanol. [1]
June 2023, Paper 4 Higher, Q21(e) (1 mark): Methanol can be oxidised to methanoic acid. State the oxidising agent used in this reaction. [1]
June 2023, Paper 4 Higher, Q21(f)(i) (1 mark): What type of reaction is this? Tick (3) one box. Addition Condensation Decomposition Neutralisation [1]
June 2023, Paper 4 Higher, Q21(f)(ii) (1 mark): State the name of the other product in this type of reaction. [1]
June 2022, Paper 2 Foundation, Q4 (1 mark): Bromine water is used to test between ethane and ethene. Ethane Ethene A bromine water is decolourised no colour change B bromine water goes cloudy bromine wate
June 2022, Paper 2 Foundation, Q5 (1 mark): What is the displayed formula of propanoic acid? A H O H C C O H H B H H C C C H H H H C H H H H C C C O H H H H D H H O H C C C O H H H Your answer [1]
June 2022, Paper 2 Foundation, Q6 (1 mark): DNA molecules are polymers made from monomers. What are the monomers called? A Alkenes B Amino acids C Carbohydrates D Nucleotides Your answer [1]
June 2022, Paper 2 Foundation, Q7 (1 mark): Crude oil is separated into useful chemicals by fractional distillation. The diagram shows the useful chemicals made in fractional distillation. Gases Petrol Ke
June 2022, Paper 2 Foundation, Q14 (1 mark): Large molecules produced by fractional distillation are cracked to make smaller molecules. Octane, C8H18, is cracked to form ethene, C2H4, and one other product
June 2022, Paper 2 Foundation, Q16(a) (3 marks): Some of the compounds belong to the homologous series called the alkanes. Which hydrocarbons are alkanes? Tick (3) three boxes. A B C D E [3]
June 2022, Paper 2 Foundation, Q16(b) (1 mark): Which homologous series do the compounds which are not alkanes belong to? Tick (3) one box. Alcohols Alkenes Carboxylic acids Esters [1]
June 2022, Paper 2 Foundation, Q16(c) (2 marks): Compound B, C2H4, burns completely in oxygen. State the names of the two products of this reaction. and [2]
June 2022, Paper 2 Foundation, Q16(d) (4 marks): Compound A is obtained from crude oil by fractional distillation. Complete the sentences about fractional distillation. Use words from the list. cracked colder
June 2022, Paper 2 Foundation, Q16(e) (1 mark): Crude oil is a finite resource. Explain what is meant by a finite resource. [1]
June 2022, Paper 2 Foundation, Q19(e)(i) (1 mark): Explain why chloroethene is not a hydrocarbon. [1]
June 2022, Paper 2 Foundation, Q19(e)(ii) (2 marks): Complete the diagram to show the displayed formula of the polymer poly(chloroethene). H Cl C C H H [2]
June 2022, Paper 3 Higher, Q10 (1 mark): Why do some polymers have different flexibilities? A They are more flexible because they contain covalent bonds. B They are more flexible as they do not have st
June 2022, Paper 4 Higher, Q1 (1 mark): Large molecules produced by fractional distillation are cracked to make smaller molecules. Octane, C8H18, is cracked to form ethene, C2H4, and one other product
June 2022, Paper 4 Higher, Q3 (1 mark): Which functional group does a monomer need to contain to form addition polymers? A C C B C C C O H D O C O H Your answer [1]
June 2022, Paper 4 Higher, Q10 (1 mark): Which statement about polymerisation is correct? A Amino acid monomers make polymers called proteins by addition polymerisation. B DNA is a polymer made from fo
June 2022, Paper 4 Higher, Q18(a) (1 mark): Compounds D and E belong to the homologous series called the alkanes. What is the general formula of the alkanes? [1]
June 2022, Paper 4 Higher, Q18(b) (1 mark): Which homologous series does compound C belong to? Tick (3) the correct answer. Alcohols Alkenes Carboxylic acids Esters [1]
June 2022, Paper 4 Higher, Q18(c) (2 marks): Compound A, C2H4, burns in oxygen. Write the balanced symbol equation for the incomplete combustion of compound A. [2]
June 2022, Paper 4 Higher, Q18(d) (3 marks): Compound D and compound E are obtained from crude oil by fractional distillation. Explain how fractional distillation separates compound D and compound E. Use i
June 2022, Paper 4 Higher, Q18(e) (1 mark): Crude oil is being formed extremely slowly. What term describes resources, like crude oil, that are being formed extremely slowly? [1]
June 2022, Paper 4 Higher, Q23(c) (1 mark): Petrol and diesel are both obtained from crude oil. Petrol molecules are smaller than diesel molecules. Petrol has a lower boiling point than diesel. Explain wh
November 2021, Paper 1 Foundation, Q6 (1 mark): The structure of poly(ethene) is shown. H H C C H H n Which type of structure does poly(ethene) have? A Giant covalent B Ionic C Metal D Polymer Your answer [1]
November 2021, Paper 1 Foundation, Q22(c) (2 marks): Explain why carbon forms many other compounds. Use ideas about the bonding in carbon compounds in your answer. [2]
November 2021, Paper 2 Foundation, Q5 (1 mark): What is the correctly displayed formula of ethanoic acid? A H H C C H H B H H H C C H OH OH C H H H H H C C C C O H H H H H D H O H C C O H H Your answer [1]
November 2021, Paper 2 Foundation, Q7 (1 mark): Crude oil is separated into fractions by fractional distillation. Look at the diagram of the fractions made in fractional distillation. Fractions Gases Petrol K
November 2021, Paper 2 Foundation, Q11 (1 mark): Propene gas is bubbled into bromine water. What happens to the colour of the bromine water? A Changes from colourless to orange B Changes from orange to colourl
November 2021, Paper 2 Foundation, Q14 (1 mark): Butene, pentene and hexene are alkenes. They are all members of the same homologous series. Why are they members of the same homologous series? A Their molecule
November 2021, Paper 2 Foundation, Q17(a) (2 marks): Ethane is a hydrocarbon. What is meant by a hydrocarbon? [2]
November 2021, Paper 2 Foundation, Q17(b) (1 mark): Look at the displayed formula for ethane. H H H C C H H H Ethane is a saturated compound. What is meant by a saturated compound? [1]
November 2021, Paper 2 Foundation, Q17(c) (1 mark): Use the information in Table 17.1 to predict the boiling point of nonane. [1]
November 2021, Paper 2 Foundation, Q17(d) (3 marks): Explain why a mixture of hexane, nonane and pentadecane can be separated by fractional distillation. In your answer use information from Table 17.1 and ideas ab
November 2021, Paper 2 Foundation, Q17(e) (2 marks): Nonane is one of the hydrocarbons found in aircraft fuel. Nonane burns completely in a plentiful supply of oxygen. Complete the balanced symbol equation by putt
November 2021, Paper 2 Foundation, Q21(c)(i) (2 marks): Write the balanced symbol equation for this reaction. [2]
November 2021, Paper 2 Foundation, Q21(c)(ii) (1 mark): If there is a limited supply of oxygen, incomplete combustion will happen. Describe a disadvantage of incomplete combustion. [1]
November 2021, Paper 3 Higher, Q16(c) (2 marks): Explain why carbon forms many other compounds. Use ideas about the bonding in carbon compounds in your answer. [2]
November 2021, Paper 4 Higher, Q8 (1 mark): What is the formula of the functional group in carboxylic acids? A –C=C– B –COOH C –CO2 D –OH Your answer [1]
November 2021, Paper 4 Higher, Q12 (1 mark): Which of these functional groups can react together to form a condensation polymer? A –C=C– and –COOH B –C=C– and –NH2 C –COOH and –NH2 D –OH and –NH2 Your answ
November 2021, Paper 4 Higher, Q13 (1 mark): An alcohol and a carboxylic acid react to form an ester and water in an equilibrium reaction. alcohol + carboxylic acid ester + water Why is an acid catalyst us
November 2021, Paper 4 Higher, Q16(c)(i) (2 marks): Write the balanced symbol equation for this reaction. [2]
November 2021, Paper 4 Higher, Q16(c)(ii) (1 mark): If there is a limited supply of oxygen, incomplete combustion will happen. Describe a disadvantage of incomplete combustion. [1]
November 2021, Paper 4 Higher, Q20(a) (2 marks): Look at the diagram of a fractionating column. Paraffin Crude oil Heater Complete the diagram by writing the names of the missing fractions in the boxes. Choose
November 2021, Paper 4 Higher, Q20(b)(i) (3 marks): Explain why some fractions are cracked. [3]
November 2021, Paper 4 Higher, Q20(b)(ii) (1 mark): Look at the displayed formula of decane. H H H H H H H H H H H C C C C C C C C C C H H H H H H H H H H H The cracking of decane involves the breaking of covalen
November 2021, Paper 4 Higher, Q20(b)(iii) (1 mark): Complete the balanced symbol equation for the cracking of a molecule of C30H62. C30H62 C20H42 + 2 [1]
November 2021, Paper 4 Higher, Q20(c)(i) (1 mark): Explain why compound B decolourises bromine water but compound A does not. [1]
November 2021, Paper 4 Higher, Q20(c)(ii) (1 mark): Write the balanced symbol equation for the reaction of compound B with bromine, Br2. [1]
November 2021, Paper 4 Higher, Q21(a) (3 marks): Many biological substances are polymers. Complete the table to state the type of monomer which forms each of the biological polymers. Polymer Type of monomer DN
November 2021, Paper 4 Higher, Q21(b) (2 marks): Look at the structure of the polymer called poly(styrene). H H C C H C6H5 n This polymer is made from a monomer. Draw the structure of the monomer. [2]
November 2021, Paper 4 Higher, Q21(c) (2 marks): Polyesters are also polymers. Look at the structure of a polyester. O O C C O O n This polymer is made from two different monomers. Draw a molecule of each diff
November 2021, Paper 4 Higher, Q21(d) (2 marks): Nylon is another polymer. Glass rod Nylon rope Solution of decanedioyl dichloride Nylon forming at in cyclohexane the interface of the two solutions Solution of
November 2020, Paper 2 Foundation, Q7 (1 mark): Crude oil is separated into fractions by fractional distillation. Look at the diagram of the fractions made in fractional distillation. Fractions Gases Petrol K
November 2020, Paper 2 Foundation, Q8 (1 mark): DNA molecules are polymers. What is the name of the monomers that make up DNA molecules? A Amino acids B Carbohydrates C Nucleotides D Proteins Your answer [1]
November 2020, Paper 2 Foundation, Q10 (1 mark): Which of the following are the first four members of the homologous series of alcohols? A CH4, C2H6, C3H8, C4H10 B CH3OH, C2H5OH, C3H7OH, C4H9OH C HCOOH, CH3COO
November 2020, Paper 2 Foundation, Q12 (1 mark): Ethene, C2H4, reacts with bromine, Br2, in an addition reaction. Which is the balanced symbol equation for this reaction? A C2H4 + Br2 C2H3Br + HBr B C2H4 + Br2
November 2020, Paper 2 Foundation, Q19(a)(i) (1 mark): Which fraction is made in the greatest percentage? Tick (✓) one box. Gases Petrol Naphtha Paraffin Fuel oil Waxes and tar [1]
November 2020, Paper 2 Foundation, Q19(a)(ii) (1 mark): Which fraction is needed in the smallest percentage? Tick (✓) one box. Gases Petrol Naphtha Paraffin Fuel oil Waxes and tar [1]
November 2020, Paper 2 Foundation, Q19(b)(i) (1 mark): One of the conditions needed for cracking is a high pressure. Write down one other condition needed. [1]
November 2020, Paper 2 Foundation, Q19(b)(ii) (2 marks): Cracking is a very useful reaction. Explain why. Use information from the table in your answer. [2]
November 2020, Paper 2 Foundation, Q19(c) (3 marks): In 2008 the USA produced 4 900 000 barrels of crude oil per day. In 2019 this had increased to 11 000 000 barrels of crude oil per day. Calculate the percentage
November 2020, Paper 2 Foundation, Q22(a) (2 marks): Ethane and propane are both members of the homologous series called the alkanes. Write down two reasons why ethane and propane are members of the same homologou
November 2020, Paper 2 Foundation, Q22(b)(i) (1 mark): Why do ethene molecules undergo polymerisation but ethane molecules do not? [1]
November 2020, Paper 2 Foundation, Q22(b)(ii) (2 marks): Complete the diagram to show the displayed formula of poly(ethene). H H C C H H n [2]
November 2020, Paper 2 Foundation, Q22(c) (6 marks): This question is about compounds of carbon. Look at the displayed formulae of ethane, propane and ethene. H H H H H H C C H H C C C H C C H H H H H Ethane Propa
November 2020, Paper 4 Higher, Q3 (1 mark): Crude oil is separated into fractions by fractional distillation. Look at the diagram of the fractions made in fractional distillation. Fractions Gases Petrol K
November 2020, Paper 4 Higher, Q4 (1 mark): What is the general formula of the fractions produced by the fractional distillation of crude oil? A CnH2n B CnH2n+2 C C2H2n+1OH D C2n+2H2 Your answer [1]
November 2020, Paper 4 Higher, Q7 (1 mark): Look at the structure of glycine. H N C C H Glycine is a monomer that reacts to form proteins. Glycine contains two different functional groups that allow it to
November 2020, Paper 4 Higher, Q10 (1 mark): A student reacts a hydrocarbon with bromine water. The formula of the product is C3H6Br2. Which is the displayed formula of the hydrocarbon? A B H H H H H H C C
November 2020, Paper 4 Higher, Q11 (1 mark): Which of these homologous series can react together to form addition polymers? A Alcohols and carboxylic acids B Alkenes only C Alkenes and alkanes D Carboxylic
November 2020, Paper 4 Higher, Q14 (1 mark): What is the formula of the functional group in alcohols? A −CH3 B −COOH C −CO2 D −OH Your answer [1]
November 2020, Paper 4 Higher, Q20(a)(i): Which two compounds are members of the same homologous series? and
November 2020, Paper 4 Higher, Q20(a)(ii) (3 marks): Write down two reasons for your answer in (a)(i). 1 2 [3]
November 2020, Paper 4 Higher, Q20(b)(i) (2 marks): Draw the displayed formula of the polymer formed by compound C. [2]
November 2020, Paper 4 Higher, Q20(b)(ii) (1 mark): Another type of polymerisation is condensation polymerisation. Describe one difference between addition polymerisation and condensation polymerisation. [1]
November 2020, Paper 4 Higher, Q20(c) (6 marks): Look at the displayed formulae of some compounds. H H H O H C C H H C C O H H H H Compound A Compound B H H H H C C C H C C H H C H H C H H H Compound C Compoun
June 2019, Paper 2 Foundation, Q6 (1 mark): Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons. Crude oil is separated into useful fractions. Which of these mixtures of substances could be in a fraction from crude oi
June 2019, Paper 2 Foundation, Q7 (1 mark): Crude oil is separated into useful fractions by fractional distillation. The diagram shows the useful fractions made in fractional distillation. Fractions Gases
June 2019, Paper 2 Foundation, Q8 (1 mark): What type of reaction takes place between an alkene and hydrogen? A Addition B Dehydration C Neutralisation D Thermal decomposition Your answer [1]
June 2019, Paper 2 Foundation, Q17(a) (3 marks): Complete the table. [3]
June 2019, Paper 2 Foundation, Q17(b) (2 marks): Ethane is a saturated hydrocarbon. Explain why ethane is called both a hydrocarbon and saturated. [2]
June 2019, Paper 2 Foundation, Q17(c) (2 marks): A student has two test tubes. One contains ethane and one contains ethene. H H H C C H C C H H Ethane Ethene The student added bromine water to each test tube.
June 2019, Paper 2 Foundation, Q17(d) (1 mark): Ethane belongs to the homologous series called the alkanes. What is the name of the homologous series that ethene belongs to? [1]
June 2019, Paper 2 Foundation, Q17(e) (2 marks): Pentane, C5H12, is an alkane found in petrol. Pentane undergoes complete combustion in excess oxygen, O2. Carbon dioxide and water are made. Write the balanced
June 2019, Paper 2 Foundation, Q20(a) (1 mark): Which oil well contains the highest percentage of low boiling point fractions? Tick (✓) one box. X Y Z [1]
June 2019, Paper 2 Foundation, Q20(b) (2 marks): A barrel of crude oil from oil well Y has a mass of 139 kg. Calculate the mass of fuel oil in this barrel. Mass = kg [2]
June 2019, Paper 2 Foundation, Q20(c) (1 mark): Fractions from crude oil contain alkanes. Alkanes have the general formula CnH2n+2. Write the formula of hexadecane, the alkane with 16 carbon atoms. [1]
June 2019, Paper 2 Foundation, Q20(d)(i) (2 marks): Describe how this apparatus is used to produce ethene from decane. [2]
June 2019, Paper 2 Foundation, Q20(d)(ii) (1 mark): One molecule of decane, C10H22, produced two molecules of ethene, C2H4, and one molecule of product Z. C10H22 2C2H4 + product Z Write the formula for product Z.
June 2019, Paper 2 Foundation, Q22(b) (1 mark): Look at the structure of Kevlar®. O O C C N N H H n What type of molecule is Kevlar®? [1]
June 2019, Paper 4 Higher, Q5 (1 mark): Which displayed formula shows butanol? H H H H H H H A H C C C O H C H C C C C O H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H B H C C C C D H C C C C H H H H H H Your answer [
June 2019, Paper 4 Higher, Q10 (1 mark): Which pairs of molecules would react to form a polyester? H H O A C C + HO C C OH HO H H H H O N N B C + C H H HO H H H C HO C C OH N N + H H H O O O D C C + C
June 2019, Paper 4 Higher, Q13 (1 mark): Which statement explains why polyamides are condensation polymers? A A molecule of water forms each time a hydroxyl link forms. B A molecule of water forms each
June 2019, Paper 4 Higher, Q16(b) (1 mark): Look at the structure of Kevlar®. O O C C N N H H n What type of molecule is Kevlar®? [1]
June 2019, Paper 4 Higher, Q21(a) (2 marks): The limewater turned milky showing that carbon dioxide had been formed. A small amount of a colourless liquid condensed in boiling tube X. The student said that
June 2019, Paper 4 Higher, Q21(b) (4 marks): Look at the monomers shown in the table. Monomer Structure H H C C Ethene H H H H H O C C O H Ethane-1,2-diol H H O HO C Ethanedioic acid C OH O Two of the mono
June 2019, Paper 4 Higher, Q21(c)(i) (1 mark): How many different monomers are found in a DNA polymer? [1]
June 2019, Paper 4 Higher, Q21(c)(ii) (1 mark): What are the monomers in proteins called? [1]
June 2019, Paper 4 Higher, Q21(d)(i) (1 mark): Compound Y is not an alcohol but is a member of another homologous series. Write down the name of this homologous series. [1]
June 2019, Paper 4 Higher, Q21(d)(ii) (2 marks): Draw the displayed formula of a molecule of alcohol X and of a molecule of compound Y. Show all the covalent bonds. Alcohol X Compound Y [2]
June 2018, Paper 2 Foundation, Q3 (1 mark): What is the name of the process that converts large alkane molecules into smaller alkane molecules? A Cracking B Fractional distillation C Hydrogenation D Polym
June 2018, Paper 2 Foundation, Q4 (1 mark): Which displayed formula shows an alkene? H H H H H C C C H C C H H H H A B H Cl C C C C H H n C D Your answer [1]
June 2018, Paper 2 Foundation, Q10 (1 mark): What is the formula of the product in this equation? C C + Br2 A C2H2Br B C3Br4 C C2H3Br D C3H4Br2 Your answer [1]
June 2018, Paper 2 Foundation, Q11 (1 mark): Look at the displayed formula of the monomer butene. CH3 C C CH3 What is the formula of the polymer formed from butene? H H H CH3 CH3 H H CH3 C C C C C C C C H
June 2018, Paper 2 Foundation, Q12 (1 mark): DNA molecules are polymers. What are the monomers that make up DNA called? A Carbohydrates B Nucleotides C Phosphates D Proteins Your answer [1]
June 2018, Paper 2 Foundation, Q15 (1 mark): Look at the information about four different polymers. Tensile Maximum Cost Melting point Polymer strength useable (£ per kg) (°C) (MPa) temperature (°C) A 0.74
June 2018, Paper 2 Foundation, Q24(b) (3 marks): The fuels for the petrol and diesel cars are made from crude oil. Crude oil is separated into different parts by fractional distillation. The diagram shows a fr
June 2018, Paper 2 Foundation, Q24(c) (2 marks): The table shows the boiling points of molecules present in different crude oil fractions. Molecule Boiling point (°C) A −2 B 125 C 216 D 502 Which molecule, A,
June 2018, Paper 2 Foundation, Q25(a) (3 marks): Plot a graph of the boiling points of the alcohols on the grid. Draw a line of best fit. 160 140 120 100 Boiling 80 point (°C) 60 40 20 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Number o
June 2018, Paper 2 Foundation, Q25(b)(i) (1 mark): The student could not find a value for the boiling point of butanol, C4H9OH. Use the graph to estimate the boiling point of butanol. Answer = °C [1]
June 2018, Paper 2 Foundation, Q25(b)(ii) (1 mark): Draw the displayed formula of butanol, C4H9OH. [1]
June 2018, Paper 2 Foundation, Q25(c) (1 mark): The alcohols all react in a similar way because they all contain the same functional group. What is the functional group in an alcohol molecule? [1]
June 2018, Paper 2 Foundation, Q25(d) (1 mark): Ethanol, C2H5OH, can be oxidised to ethanoic acid using potassium manganate(VII). What is the formula of ethanoic acid? [1]
June 2018, Paper 4 Higher, Q4 (1 mark): What is the formula of the product in this equation? H H + Br2 → C C C H H H H A C2H3Br B C3H5Br2 C C2H3Br D C3H6Br2 Your answer [1]
June 2018, Paper 4 Higher, Q16(b) (3 marks): The fuels for the petrol and diesel cars are made from crude oil. Crude oil is separated into different parts by fractional distillation. The diagram shows a fr
June 2018, Paper 4 Higher, Q16(c) (2 marks): The table shows the boiling points of molecules present in different crude oil fractions. Molecule Boiling point (°C) A –2 B 125 C 216 D 502 Which molecule, A,
June 2018, Paper 4 Higher, Q17(a) (3 marks): Plot a graph of the boiling points of the alcohols on the grid. Draw a line of best fit. 160 140 120 100 Boiling point (°C) 80 60 40 20 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Number o
June 2018, Paper 4 Higher, Q17(b)(i) (1 mark): The student could not find a value for the boiling point of butanol, C4H9OH. Use the graph to estimate the boiling point of butanol. Answer = °C [1]
June 2018, Paper 4 Higher, Q17(b)(ii) (1 mark): Draw the displayed formula of butanol, C4H9OH. [1]
June 2018, Paper 4 Higher, Q17(c) (1 mark): The alcohols all react in a similar way because they all contain the same functional group. What is the functional group in an alcohol molecule? [1]
June 2018, Paper 4 Higher, Q17(d) (1 mark): Ethanol, C2H5OH, can be oxidised to ethanoic acid using potassium manganate(VII). What is the formula of ethanoic acid? [1]
June 2018, Paper 4 Higher, Q22(a) (1 mark): What feature of butene molecules allows them to act as monomers? [1]
June 2018, Paper 4 Higher, Q22(b) (1 mark): Butene is an alkene. What is the general formula for an alkene? [1]
June 2018, Paper 4 Higher, Q22(c) (2 marks): Butene undergoes addition polymerisation to form poly(butene). Write the displayed formulae, for poly(butene). [2]
June 2018, Paper 4 Higher, Q22(d) (1 mark): DNA molecules are polymers made from four different monomers. What are the monomers in DNA called? [1]
June 2018, Paper 4 Higher, Q22(e)(i) (1 mark): What is the minimum number of functional groups that a monomer must have to form a condensation polymer? [1]
June 2018, Paper 4 Higher, Q22(e)(ii) (2 marks): Polyesters are made from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. Complete the block diagram to show the formation of a polyester. O O HO C C OH + HO OH A dicarboxylic
June 2018, Paper 4 Higher, Q22(e)(iii) (1 mark): What is the formula of the molecule that is eliminated in the reaction to form a polyester? [1]
June 2018, Paper 4 Higher, Q22(f)(i) (3 marks): Describe how to make nylon in a laboratory. [3]
June 2018, Paper 4 Higher, Q22(f)(ii) (3 marks): Describe and explain three precautions needed to control the hazards in this experiment. [3]

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