Progressive and stationary waves: AQA A‑Level Physics questions

Every AQA A-Level Physics exam question on 3.3.1 Progressive and stationary waves, 2016–2025, with its mark scheme and examiner’s report.

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Q02.1
June 2025 · Paper 1
2 marks3.3.1 Progressive and stationary waves
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Q02.2
June 2025 · Paper 1
1 mark3.3.1 Progressive and stationary waves
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Q02.3
June 2025 · Paper 1
2 marks3.3.1 Progressive and stationary waves
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Q02.4
June 2025 · Paper 1
5 marks3.3.1 Progressive and stationary waves
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Q14
June 2025 · Paper 1
1 mark3.3.1 Progressive and stationary waves
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Q01.1
June 2025 · Paper 3A
2 marks3.3.1 Progressive and stationary waves
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Q01.2
June 2025 · Paper 3A
1 mark3.3.1 Progressive and stationary waves
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Q01.4
June 2025 · Paper 3A
1 mark3.3.1 Progressive and stationary waves
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Q01.5
June 2025 · Paper 3A
2 marks3.3.1 Progressive and stationary waves
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Q05
June 2025 · AS Paper 2
1 mark3.3.1 Progressive and stationary waves
Mark scheme (PDF)
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Q09
June 2025 · AS Paper 2
1 mark3.3.1 Progressive and stationary waves
Mark scheme (PDF)
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Q12
June 2025 · AS Paper 2
1 mark3.3.1 Progressive and stationary waves
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Q15
June 2025 · AS Paper 2
1 mark3.3.1 Progressive and stationary waves
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Q16
June 2025 · AS Paper 2
1 mark3.3.1 Progressive and stationary waves
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Q22
June 2025 · AS Paper 2
1 mark3.3.1 Progressive and stationary waves
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$June 2025 AS Paper 2, question 22: Which is not true for longitudinal waves? [1 mark] A They can be polarised. B They produce interference patterns. C They can be diffracted. D They form stationa$
Q07.1
June 2024 · Paper 1
1 mark3.3.1 Progressive and stationary waves
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Q07.2
June 2024 · Paper 1
2 marks3.3.1 Progressive and stationary waves
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Q07.3
June 2024 · Paper 1
1 mark3.3.1 Progressive and stationary waves
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Q07.4
June 2024 · Paper 1
3 marks3.3.1 Progressive and stationary waves
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Q13
June 2024 · Paper 1
1 mark3.3.1 Progressive and stationary waves
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All 124 questions on Progressive and stationary waves, as a list

June 2025, Paper 1, Q02.1 (2 marks): State what is meant by a transverse wave. [2 marks]
June 2025, Paper 1, Q02.2 (1 mark): Explain how a stationary wave is produced on the wire. [1 mark]
June 2025, Paper 1, Q02.3 (2 marks): Figure 3 shows a small section of the wire at one instant. Five points on the wire are labelled P1 to P5. The dashed line represents the position of the wire wh
June 2025, Paper 1, Q02.4 (5 marks): A student investigates stationary waves on a wire using the apparatus in Figure 2. The investigation requires the student to produce the first five harmonics on
June 2025, Paper 1, Q14 (1 mark): In an investigation of stationary waves on different wires, the frequency f of the first harmonic is measured. Which quantity produces a straight-line graph thr
June 2025, Paper 3A, Q01.1 (2 marks): Identify two control variables for the arrangement shown in Figure 1. You may annotate Figure 1 as part of your answer. [2 marks] 1 2
June 2025, Paper 3A, Q01.2 (1 mark): The total mass m is made from a mass hanger and up to three slotted masses. One 20 g, one 50 g and one 100 g slotted mass are provided. The hanger has a mass of
June 2025, Paper 3A, Q01.4 (1 mark): Determine the period of the waveform on Figure 2 when m = 100 g. [1 mark] period = ms
June 2025, Paper 3A, Q01.5 (2 marks): Deduce whether Figure 2 shows the expected result of doubling m from 100 g to 200 g. [2 marks]
June 2025, AS Paper 2, Q05 (1 mark): [multiple choice] A horizontal length of wire vibrates between a fixed point and a frictionless pulley. The tension in the wire is caused by the weight of a mas
June 2025, AS Paper 2, Q09 (1 mark): The minimum distance between two points on a progressive wave with a phase difference of π 2 is 0.040 m. The frequency of the wave is 400 Hz. What is the speed
June 2025, AS Paper 2, Q12 (1 mark): Radio waves are transmitted from a vertical aerial and detected by a receiving aerial. The alignment of the receiving aerial can be varied. Which row shows the
June 2025, AS Paper 2, Q15 (1 mark): A cylindrical beaker contains water. The diameter of the water surface is 200 mm. A pencil is dipped into the centre of the surface at time t = 0 A circular wav
June 2025, AS Paper 2, Q16 (1 mark): A string vibrates at the Nth harmonic. The separation x between adjacent nodes is 0.60 m. The string now vibrates at the (N + 1)th harmonic and x decreases by 0
June 2025, AS Paper 2, Q22 (1 mark): Which is not true for longitudinal waves? [1 mark] A They can be polarised. B They produce interference patterns. C They can be diffracted. D They form stationa
June 2024, Paper 1, Q07.1 (1 mark): Deduce the amplitude of one of the progressive waves. [1 mark] amplitude = mm
June 2024, Paper 1, Q07.2 (2 marks): Determine, in m s−1, the speed of one of the progressive waves. [2 marks] speed = m s−1
June 2024, Paper 1, Q07.3 (1 mark): State the phase relationship between the two waves when t = 0 [1 mark]
June 2024, Paper 1, Q07.4 (3 marks): Sketch, on Figure 7, a graph to show how the displacement of S varies with t. [3 marks] Figure 7 END OF SECTION A Section B
June 2024, Paper 1, Q13 (1 mark): A laser emits light of wavelength 600 nm for 10 ns. What is the number of complete waves emitted by the laser? [1 mark] A 5 × 1017 B 5 × 1012 C 5 × 108 D 5 × 10
June 2024, Paper 1, Q14 (1 mark): A detector measures the intensity of light from a source S1. Polaroid material is placed between source S1 and the detector. When the material is rotated throug
June 2024, Paper 1, Q15 (1 mark): A loudspeaker producing a single-frequency sound is mounted above a tube filled with water. A tap at the bottom of the tube is opened to allow the water to run
June 2024, AS Paper 1, Q03.1 (2 marks): The frequency of the first harmonic is 147 Hz. Calculate the speed of the wave travelling in the string. [2 marks] speed of wave = m s−1
June 2024, AS Paper 1, Q03.2 (3 marks): The tension in the string is 71 N. Calculate the mass of the string between X and Y. [3 marks] mass = kg
June 2024, AS Paper 1, Q03.3 (3 marks): Draw, on Figure 5, the stationary wave that produces the harmonic f3. Label the positions of all nodes N and all antinodes A. [3 marks] Figure 5
June 2024, AS Paper 1, Q03.4 (3 marks): The string is vibrating freely. The player then touches the string lightly at its midpoint Z as shown in Figure 6. This prevents the string from vibrating at Z.
June 2024, AS Paper 2, Q30 (1 mark): A stationary wave is formed due to superposition between a progressive wave and its reflection. Both the progressive wave and its reflection are polarised. Whic
June 2024, AS Paper 2, Q32 (1 mark): Which row is correct for both a progressive wave and a stationary wave? [1 mark] Progressive wave Stationary wave A Some of the particles do not vibrate. All th
June 2023, Paper 1, Q14 (1 mark): A string with a length of 1.2 m vibrates at its second harmonic. The diagram shows the displacement–time graph for a point on the string. What are the wavelengt
June 2023, Paper 1, Q15 (1 mark): A standing wave is created on a string. Which statement about the two waves that create the standing wave is not correct? [1 mark] A They have the same frequenc
June 2023, Paper 3A, Q01.1 (1 mark): What is the maximum duty cycle of the stroboscope? Tick () one box. [1 mark] 6.0 × 10−5 3.0 × 10−4 9.0 × 10−3 4.5 × 10−2
June 2023, AS Paper 1, Q02.2 (2 marks): Calculate the resultant of the waves at time P in Figure 3. [2 marks] resultant =
June 2023, AS Paper 1, Q02.3 (3 marks): The phase difference between A and B shown in Figure 3 is 137°. Show that the time interval labelled t in Figure 3 is approximately 8 × 10−16 s. [3 marks]
June 2023, AS Paper 1, Q03 (6 marks): A student sits near a lake on a sunny day. Some sunlight is reflected from the surface of the lake. Sunlight is also reflected from objects submerged beneath th
June 2023, AS Paper 2, Q01.4 (2 marks): The wires used in the experiment are made of the same metal so that ρ is a control variable. State two other control variables in the experiment. [2 marks] 1 2
June 2023, AS Paper 2, Q01.5 (2 marks): The student suggests that 1 f d ∝ . Deduce, using data points from Figure 3, whether this suggestion is correct. [2 marks]
June 2023, AS Paper 2, Q01.6 (2 marks): Another student repeats the experiment with the mass of M doubled. Explain how this student’s plotted data compare with Figure 3. [2 marks]
June 2023, AS Paper 2, Q07 (1 mark): Powder is spread along the inside of an air-filled pipe that is closed at one end. A loudspeaker is placed at the other end. At certain sound frequencies a stat
June 2023, AS Paper 2, Q17 (1 mark): Two aerials A1 and A2 receive radio waves from the same distant transmitter T. The waves have a frequency of 88 MHz. The phase difference between the waves rece
June 2023, AS Paper 2, Q24 (1 mark): A stationary wave of wavelength λ is produced on a string. What are the phase difference and the distance between adjacent antinodes? [1 mark] Phase difference
June 2022, Paper 1, Q18 (1 mark): A longitudinal wave of frequency 660 Hz travels through a medium. The wave speed is 330 m s−1. Which statement describes the motion of a particle in the wave? [
June 2022, Paper 1, Q19 (1 mark): The frequency of the first harmonic of a standing wave on a string is f. The tension in the string is T. The tension is increased to 4T without changing the len
June 2022, Paper 3A, Q01.1 (1 mark): Which control on the oscilloscope should be used to centre the trace vertically on the screen? Tick () one box. [1 mark] X-shift Y-gain Y-shift
June 2022, Paper 3A, Q01.2 (3 marks): The distance between L and R in Figure 1 is 0.870 m. Deduce the speed of sound in the steel rod. [3 marks] speed of sound = m s−1
June 2022, Paper 3A, Q01.3 (4 marks): A student repeats the experiment using a steel rod of twice the length. Explain: • how using the longer rod affects the waveform displayed • any changes needed
June 2022, AS Paper 1, Q03.1 (2 marks): The frequency of the infrared radiation is 3.8 × 1014 Hz. Each pulse has a duration of 6.0 ns. Calculate the number of cycles in each pulse. [2 marks] number of
June 2022, AS Paper 2, Q03.2 (2 marks): A mobile phone transmits data to the loudspeaker using microwaves. The data are processed at the loudspeaker to produce sound waves. Microwaves and sound waves
June 2022, AS Paper 2, Q11 (1 mark): A narrow beam of light is incident on a sheet of Polaroid material. The intensity of the transmitted beam is a maximum. The Polaroid sheet is rotated about the
June 2022, AS Paper 2, Q15 (1 mark): Two points P and Q on a progressive wave are separated by distance d. The phase difference between P and Q is θ rad. What is the wavelength? [1 mark] A 2 d π B
June 2022, AS Paper 2, Q16 (1 mark): A long spring is used to demonstrate wave motion. The spring lies horizontally on a table. One end of the spring is attached to a wall. The free end of the spri
June 2022, AS Paper 2, Q17 (1 mark): A stretched wire vibrates between two fixed points. The frequency of the first harmonic of the vibrating wire is 300 Hz. Without making any other change, the te
June 2022, AS Paper 2, Q18 (1 mark): A stationary wave forms on a uniform string. Which statement is correct? [1 mark] A The amplitude of oscillations is a maximum at the nodes. B The distance betw
November 2021, Paper 1, Q02.1 (3 marks): Explain how the apparatus can be used to demonstrate that the waves from T are vertically polarised. [3 marks]
November 2021, Paper 1, Q02.2 (4 marks): Explain what happens to the signal detected by R as M is moved slowly towards X. [4 marks]
November 2021, Paper 1, Q17 (1 mark): The diagrams show the displacement–distance graph for a wave and the displacement–time graph for a point in the wave. Which is correct for this wave? [1 mark] A
November 2021, Paper 1, Q18 (1 mark): The diagram shows a stationary wave on a string at one instant in time. P, Q and R are three points on the string. Which row is correct? [1 mark] A P is in anti
November 2021, AS Paper 2, Q01.1 (2 marks): Draw a line of best fit for these data. [2 marks]
November 2021, AS Paper 2, Q01.2 (1 mark): State a value for the position of P. [1 mark] position of P = cm
November 2021, AS Paper 2, Q01.3 (2 marks): The absolute uncertainty in identifying any minimum current is ± 0.2 cm. Determine the percentage uncertainty in the distance PQ. [2 marks] percentage uncertain
November 2021, AS Paper 2, Q01.4 (3 marks): Deduce the frequency of the microwaves produced by T. [3 marks] frequency = Hz
November 2021, AS Paper 2, Q01.5 (1 mark): Figure 4 shows D placed at a position where the current is a maximum. Figure 4 The student rotates D by 90°, without changing its distance from T, to the positi
November 2021, AS Paper 2, Q15 (1 mark): A progressive wave travels along a rope in the direction M to N. X marks a point on the rope. The wave has a frequency of 5.0 Hz, a wavelength of 1.0 m and an a
November 2021, AS Paper 2, Q17 (1 mark): The diagram shows a string stretched between two fixed points O and R which are 120 cm apart. P and Q are points on the string. OP = 30 cm OQ = 90 cm At a certa
November 2020, Paper 1, Q15 (1 mark): A wave travels across the surface of water. The diagram shows how the displacement of water particles at the surface varies with distance. Which row correctly d
November 2020, Paper 1, Q16 (1 mark): The diagram shows the cross-section of a progressive transverse wave travelling at 24 cm s−1 on water. The amplitude of the wave is 2.0 cm and the frequency is
November 2020, Paper 1, Q17 (1 mark): Unpolarised light travels through two polarising filters X and Y and is then incident on a screen. When X and Y are arranged as shown, there is a maximum intens
November 2020, Paper 1, Q18 (1 mark): Stationary waves are set up on a rope of length 1.0 m fixed at both ends. Which statement is not correct? [1 mark] A The first harmonic has a wavelength of 2.0
November 2020, AS Paper 1, Q06.1 (2 marks): The string is made to vibrate at the second harmonic. Compare the motion of P with that of Q. [2 marks]
November 2020, AS Paper 1, Q06.2 (2 marks): The frequency of the vibration generator is increased, and a higher harmonic of the stationary wave is formed. Figure 9 shows the string between P and Q at an i
November 2020, AS Paper 1, Q06.3 (3 marks): The instantaneous position of the string in Figure 9 can be explained by the superposition of two waves. The instantaneous positions of these waves between P an
November 2020, AS Paper 1, Q06.4 (1 mark): Figure 11 shows the positions of the two waves between P and Q a short time later. Figure 11 Draw, on Figure 12, the appearance of the string between P and Q at
November 2020, AS Paper 1, Q06.5 (2 marks): Annotate (with an A) the positions of any antinodes on your drawing in Figure 12. [2 marks]
November 2020, AS Paper 1, Q06.6 (3 marks): The frequency of the vibration generator is reduced until the first harmonic is observed in the string, as shown in Figure 13. Figure 13 The string in Figure 13
November 2020, AS Paper 2, Q12 (1 mark): A wave travels along a water surface. The variation with time of the displacement of a water particle at the surface is shown. What properties of the wave are r
November 2020, AS Paper 2, Q13 (1 mark): Two points on a progressive wave are out of phase by 0.41 rad. What is this phase difference? [1 mark] A 23° B 47° C 74° D 148°
June 2019, Paper 1, Q06.3 (1 mark): The loudspeaker creates variations in pressure and produces a sound wave in the air around it. State the type of wave produced and describe the motion of the pa
June 2019, Paper 3A, Q03.1 (2 marks): The output potential difference (pd) of the signal generator is displayed on the oscilloscope, as shown in Figure 16. Figure 16 The time-base setting of the osc
June 2019, Paper 3A, Q03.2 (2 marks): A metre ruler is placed next to the bridges supporting the wire, as shown in Figure 17. Figure 17 Determine the wavelength of the stationary wave shown in Figur
June 2019, Paper 3A, Q03.3 (1 mark): The stationary wave is formed by two waves of frequency f and wavelength travelling with speed c in opposite directions. Determine c. [1 mark] c = m s−1
June 2019, Paper 3A, Q03.4 (2 marks): Determine, in kg m−1, the mass per unit length of the wire. [2 marks] mass per unit length = kg m−1
June 2019, AS Paper 1, Q04.6 (2 marks): The waves caused by earthquakes can be longitudinal or transverse. Describe the difference between longitudinal waves and transverse waves. [2 marks]
June 2019, AS Paper 2, Q15 (1 mark): A sonar transmitter on a ship produces pulses of sound waves. Each pulse of sound waves contains 12 complete oscillations. The frequency of these waves is 8.0 k
June 2019, AS Paper 2, Q16 (1 mark): Which gives the regions of the electromagnetic spectrum in order of increasing wavelength? [1 mark] A X-rays, ultraviolet, infrared, radio waves B X-rays, micro
June 2019, AS Paper 2, Q17 (1 mark): The frequency of the first harmonic of a wire fixed at both ends is 300 Hz. The tension in the wire is now doubled. What is the frequency of the first harmonic
June 2018, Paper 1, Q03.1 (3 marks): Explain how a stationary wave is produced when a stretched string is plucked. [3 marks]
June 2018, Paper 1, Q03.2 (2 marks): The vibrating length of one of the strings of a violin is 0.33 m When the tension in the string is 25 N, the string vibrates with a first-harmonic frequency of
June 2018, Paper 1, Q03.3 (1 mark): Determine the speed at which waves travel along the string in question 03.2 when it vibrates with a first-harmonic frequency of 370 Hz [1 mark] speed of waves =
June 2018, Paper 1, Q03.4 (4 marks): Figure 6 shows how the tension in the string in question 03.2 varies with the extension of the string. Figure 6 The string with its initial tension of 25 N is v
June 2018, Paper 3 Turning points, Q02.1 (3 marks): Sketch a graph on Figure 4 to show how the amplitude detected by the dipole receiver varies with angle of rotation as the receiver is turned through 360° Start
June 2018, AS Paper 2, Q17 (1 mark): The fundamental frequency f is the lowest frequency heard when a stretched string is vibrating. The string is now lightly touched one third of the way along its
June 2018, AS Paper 2, Q19 (1 mark): Two points on a progressive wave have a phase difference of rad The speed of the wave is 340 m s−1 What is the frequency of the wave when the minimum distance b
June 2017, Paper 1, Q02.1 (2 marks): Show that the data in Table 1 are consistent with the relationship f ∝ √T where T is the tension in the nylon string. [2 marks]
June 2017, Paper 1, Q02.2 (3 marks): The nylon string used has a density of 1150 kg m–3 and a uniform diameter of 5.0 × 10–4 m. Determine the length l of the string used. [3 marks] l = m
June 2017, Paper 1, Q02.3 (2 marks): The student uses the relationship in question 02.1 to predict frequencies for tensions that are much larger than those used in the original experiment. Explain
June 2017, Paper 1, Q13 (1 mark): The graph shows how the vertical height of a travelling wave varies with distance along the path of the wave. The speed of the wave is 20 cm s–1. What is the pe
June 2017, Paper 1, Q14 (1 mark): Which statement is not correct for ultrasound and X-rays? [1 mark] A Both can be refracted B Both can be diffracted C Both can be polarised D Both can be reflec
June 2017, Paper 1, Q15 (1 mark): A stationary wave is set up on a stretched string of length l and diameter d. Another stationary wave is also set up on a second string made from the same mater
June 2017, Paper 3A, Q02.1 (1 mark): Determine the peak-to-peak voltage V of the waveform shown in Figure 8. [1 mark] V = V
June 2017, Paper 3A, Q02.2 (2 marks): Determine the frequency f of the waveform shown in Figure 8. [2 marks] f = Hz Figure 7 Figure 8
June 2017, AS Paper 1, Q04.4 (3 marks): The vertical aerial is placed at position B and is rotated slowly through 90° until it lies along the direction AE. State and explain the effect on the signal s
June 2017, AS Paper 1, Q05.3 (4 marks): When wind blows, stationary waves can be formed on the aerial wire. Explain how stationary waves are produced and why only waves of specific frequencies can for
June 2017, AS Paper 1, Q05.5 (2 marks): Calculate the frequency of the wave when the third harmonic is formed on the aerial wire. [2 marks] frequency = Hz
June 2017, AS Paper 1, Q05.6 (1 mark): Sketch, on Figure 7, the standing wave on the wire when the third harmonic is formed. [1 mark] Figure 7
June 2017, AS Paper 2, Q03.1 (3 marks): Show that the wavelength of the light is 600 nm. [3 marks]
June 2017, AS Paper 2, Q03.2 (2 marks): Determine the phase difference, in rad, between the incident and reflected waves shown in Figure 9. [2 marks] phase difference = rad
June 2017, AS Paper 2, Q10 (1 mark): Which row correctly shows electromagnetic radiations in order of decreasing wavelength? [1 mark] A gamma > ultraviolet > microwave B ultraviolet > gamma > micro
June 2017, AS Paper 2, Q11 (1 mark): Which statement is correct about the properties of an unpolarised electromagnetic wave as it passes through a polariser? [1 mark] A The wave remains unchanged.
June 2017, AS Paper 2, Q14 (1 mark): A uniform wire, fixed at both ends, is plucked in the middle so that it vibrates at the first harmonic as shown. What is the phase difference between the oscill
June 2016, AS Paper 1, Q02.1 (2 marks): Suggest how stationary waves are formed in the microwave oven. [2 marks]
June 2016, AS Paper 1, Q02.2 (2 marks): The student removes the turntable and places a bar of chocolate on the floor of the oven. He then switches the oven on for about one minute. When the chocolate
June 2016, AS Paper 1, Q02.3 (5 marks): Calculate, by making suitable measurements on Figure 4, the frequency of the microwaves used by the oven. [5 marks] frequency = ____________________ Hz
June 2016, AS Paper 1, Q02.4 (1 mark): Explain why most microwave ovens contain a rotating turntable on which the food is placed during cooking. [1 mark]
June 2016, AS Paper 2, Q12 (1 mark): What is the phase difference between two points 0.16 m apart on a progressive sound wave of frequency 256 Hz? [1 mark] speed of sound = 330 m s–1 A π 8 B π 6 C
June 2016, AS Paper 2, Q13 (1 mark): The frequency of the first harmonic of a standing wave on a wire is 𝑓. The length of the wire and tension in the wire are both doubled. What is the frequency of
Specimen, Paper 1, Q06.2 (1 mark): Read through the following passage and answer the questions that follow it. Measuring the speed of sound in air 5 10 After the wave nature of sound had been ide
Specimen, Paper 1, Q06.3 (1 mark): Read through the following passage and answer the questions that follow it. Measuring the speed of sound in air 5 10 After the wave nature of sound had been ide
Specimen, Paper 1, Q06.4 (2 marks): Read through the following passage and answer the questions that follow it. Measuring the speed of sound in air 5 10 After the wave nature of sound had been ide
Specimen, Paper 1, Q06.5 (1 mark): Read through the following passage and answer the questions that follow it. Measuring the speed of sound in air 5 10 After the wave nature of sound had been ide
Specimen, Paper 1, Q06.6 (2 marks): Read through the following passage and answer the questions that follow it. Measuring the speed of sound in air 5 10 After the wave nature of sound had been ide
Specimen, Paper 1, Q06.7 (2 marks): END OF SECTION A Section B Each of Questions 7 to 31 is followed by four responses, A, B, C, and D. For each question select the best response.
Specimen, Paper 1, Q08 (1 mark): When comparing X-rays with UV radiation, which statement is correct? [1 mark] A X-rays have a lower frequency. B X-rays travel faster in a vacuum. C X-rays do n
Specimen, Paper 1, Q12 (1 mark): The diagram shows two pulses on a string travelling towards each other. Which of the following diagrams shows the shape of the string when the pulses have passe
Specimen, Paper 1, Q28 (1 mark): Which one of the following provides direct experimental evidence that light is a transverse wave motion rather than a longitudinal wave motion? [1 mark] A Two l
Specimen, Paper 2, Q06.5 (4 marks): Section B Each of Questions 7 to 31 is followed by four responses, A, B, C, and D

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