plumiPositive and negative externalities in consumption and production: AQA A‑Level Economics questions
Every AQA A-Level Economics exam question on 4.1.8.4 Positive and negative externalities in consumption and production, 2020–2025, with its mark scheme and examiner’s report.
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![November 2021 Paper 3, question 32: Explain why, without government intervention, markets are likely to allocate too few resources to dealing with the problem of climate change. [15 marks] Section](https://pub-e8a9dbab8e2a4d089f52b2a45e0d0b50.r2.dev/bank/71363-nov21-b-32-qp.webp)
![November 2020 Paper 1, question 02: Explain how the data in Extract A (Figure 2) show that higher living standards lead to greater volumes of waste per capita being produced. [4 marks] Context 1 T](https://pub-e8a9dbab8e2a4d089f52b2a45e0d0b50.r2.dev/bank/71361-nov20-c1-02-qp.webp)
![November 2020 AS Paper 1, question 27: Define ‘social cost’ in Extract E (line 7). [3 marks] Context 2 Total for this context: 50 marks E-CIGARETTES Extract D: Rates of cigarette smoking in Great Bri](https://pub-e8a9dbab8e2a4d089f52b2a45e0d0b50.r2.dev/bank/71351-nov20-c2-27-qp.webp)
All 18 questions on Positive and negative externalities in consumption and production, as a list
- June 2025, AS Paper 1, Q07 (1 mark): Figure 2 shows the market for a good. S1 shows the supply if only private costs are considered and S2 shows the supply if social costs are taken into account. F
- June 2024, AS Paper 1, Q13 (1 mark): Table 1 shows the private benefit, private cost, social benefit and social cost of four different redevelopment projects. Table 1 Grants to new retailers Market
- June 2024, AS Paper 1, Q26 (25 marks): Extract C (lines 13–14) states: ‘In recent years, with more people holidaying in the UK, some tourist sites have been overwhelmed by visitors.’ Use the extracts
- June 2023, Paper 1, Q03 (9 marks): Extract C (lines 3–4) states that ‘the mining, manufacturing and disposal process for batteries could soon become an environmental disaster.’ With the help of a
- June 2023, Paper 3, Q20 (1 mark): Figure 5 shows the marginal private and social benefit (MPB and MSB) curves and the marginal private and social cost (MPC and MSC) curves for a product. Figure
- June 2023, AS Paper 1, Q13 (1 mark): Hedges around fields encourage wildlife and bring widespread benefits but many farmers choose to have wire fences instead. Which one of the following best descr
- June 2023, AS Paper 1, Q32 (25 marks): Extract F (lines 23–24) states: ‘if drones become more common, another review may be needed of what is best for all’. Use the extracts and your knowledge of eco
- June 2022, AS Paper 1, Q09 (1 mark): A government plans to plant a new forest to provide a recreation facility and help combat climate change. Estimates of the costs and benefits are shown in Table
- June 2022, AS Paper 1, Q20 (1 mark): Many goods are sold in plastic packaging that has harmful effects on the environment. In Figure 3, D1 and S1 are the free market demand for and supply of plasti
- November 2021, Paper 3, Q03 (1 mark): Figure 1 shows the marginal private benefit and marginal social benefit (MPB and MSB) curves and the marginal private cost and marginal social cost (MPC and MSC
- November 2021, Paper 3, Q31 (10 marks): The UK government has set a target to reduce net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to zero by 2050. To what extent, if at all, do the data suggest that to achieve
- November 2021, Paper 3, Q32 (15 marks): Explain why, without government intervention, markets are likely to allocate too few resources to dealing with the problem of climate change. [15 marks] Section
- November 2020, Paper 1, Q02 (4 marks): Explain how the data in Extract A (Figure 2) show that higher living standards lead to greater volumes of waste per capita being produced. [4 marks] Context 1 T
- November 2020, Paper 1, Q03 (9 marks): Extract B (lines 8–10) states: ‘many companies intentionally make it difficult to repair their products in order to increase sales. This is both economically in
- November 2020, AS Paper 1, Q17 (1 mark): The production of a good generates positive externalities. This means that at the free market equilibrium A the good will be under-produced. B the price of the
- November 2020, AS Paper 1, Q20 (1 mark): In a free market, the consumption of a good leads to negative externalities. If left to the free market, how would price and output compare to the social optimu
- November 2020, AS Paper 1, Q26 (25 marks): Extract C (lines 16–17) states: ‘Perhaps the time has come to stop free bus travel for the elderly or to limit it to certain groups?’ Use the extracts and your
- November 2020, AS Paper 1, Q27 (3 marks): Define ‘social cost’ in Extract E (line 7). [3 marks] Context 2 Total for this context: 50 marks E-CIGARETTES Extract D: Rates of cigarette smoking in Great Bri
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