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Employment and unemployment: AQA A‑Level Economics questions

Every AQA A-Level Economics exam question on 4.2.3.2 Employment and unemployment, 2020–2025, with its mark scheme and examiner’s report.

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686 questions

  1. Q07

    June 2025 · Paper 2

    4.2.6.1 Globalisation4.2.3.2 Employment and unemployment
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2025 Paper 2, question 07: Extract E (lines 15–17) states: ‘In recent years, some of the BRICS+ countries, including China and India, have been responsible for large foreign direct invest

  2. Q05

    June 2025 · Paper 3

    1 mark4.2.3.2 Employment and unemployment
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2025 Paper 3, question 05: Which one of the following is most likely to lead to an increase in the number of people who are frictionally unemployed in the UK? [1 mark] A A fall in the num

  3. Q14

    June 2025 · AS Paper 2

    1 mark4.2.3.2 Employment and unemployment
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2025 AS Paper 2, question 14: The textile industry is a major employer of unskilled labour in an economy. The introduction of labour-saving technology in this industry is most likely to lead

  4. Q11

    June 2024 · Paper 2

    4.2.3.2 Employment and unemployment
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 Paper 2, question 11: Explain the factors which determine the natural rate of unemployment. [15 marks] Essay 2 In August 2022, the Office for National Statistics (ONS) announced that

  5. Q12

    June 2024 · Paper 2

    4.2.3.2 Employment and unemployment4.2.3.4 Possible conflicts between macroeconomic policy objectives
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 Paper 2, question 12: Discuss the view that high levels of employment are always beneficial for an economy. [25 marks] Essay 2 In August 2022, the Office for National Statistics (ONS

  6. Q09

    June 2024 · AS Paper 2

    1 mark4.2.3.2 Employment and unemployment
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 AS Paper 2, question 09: Which type of unemployment is caused by a fall in aggregate demand leading to a fall in the demand for labour? [1 mark] A Cyclical B Frictional C Seasonal D Str

  7. Q29

    June 2024 · AS Paper 2

    4.2.3.2 Employment and unemployment
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 AS Paper 2, question 29: Use Extract D to identify two significant points of comparison between employment rates and inactivity rates in selected regions of the UK. [4 marks] Context 2

  8. Q31

    June 2024 · AS Paper 2

    4.2.3.2 Employment and unemployment
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 AS Paper 2, question 31: Extract F (lines 1–2) states: ‘Unless the UK Government provides additional support, the outlook for some poorer regions may be gloomy. They often suffer from s

  9. Q07

    June 2023 · Paper 2

    4.2.3.2 Employment and unemployment4.2.4.2 Commercial banks and investment banks
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2023 Paper 2, question 07: Extract E (lines 4–5) states: ‘…banks in the UK decreased lending, reducing the availability of credit for households and firms. This damaged the real economy a

  10. Q15

    June 2023 · AS Paper 2

    1 mark4.2.3.1 Economic growth and the economic cycle4.2.3.2 Employment and unemployment
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2023 AS Paper 2, question 15: An economy experiences a low trend rate of economic growth, no output gap and a fall in total hours worked. In these circumstances, which one of the following c

  11. Q16

    June 2023 · AS Paper 2

    1 mark4.2.2.3 The determinants of aggregate demand4.2.3.2 Employment and unemployment
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2023 AS Paper 2, question 16: The UK economy experiences a change in its foreign exchange rate from £1 = $1.60 to £1 = $1.75. Which one of the following is the most likely effect on the UK e

  12. Q05

    June 2022 · Paper 2

    4.2.3.2 Employment and unemployment
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2022 Paper 2, question 05: Using the data in Extract D (Figure 3), calculate the difference between the UK’s and Argentina’s mean unemployment rates over the period 2015 to 2018. Give you

  13. Q27

    June 2022 · Paper 3

    1 mark4.2.3.2 Employment and unemployment
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2022 Paper 3, question 27: Changing patterns of consumption have meant that summer holidays at UK seaside towns have become less popular. As a result, UK seaside holiday towns are affecte

  14. Q04

    June 2022 · AS Paper 2

    1 mark4.2.3.2 Employment and unemployment
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2022 AS Paper 2, question 04: Unemployment rose in an economy despite overall economic growth. This is most likely to be explained by an increase in A cyclical unemployment. B job vacancies.

  15. Q25

    June 2022 · AS Paper 2

    10 marks4.2.3.2 Employment and unemployment4.2.2.3 The determinants of aggregate demand
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2022 AS Paper 2, question 25: Extract B (line 2) states: ‘…there were signs that economies were in the midst of a global slowdown’. Explain how a global slowdown can affect employment in the

  16. Q27

    June 2022 · AS Paper 2

    4.2.3.2 Employment and unemployment
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2022 AS Paper 2, question 27: Define ‘unemployment rate’ Extract E (line 18). [3 marks] Context 2 Total for this context: 50 marks GOVERNMENT SPENDING AND TAXATION Extract D: Composition of

  17. Q03

    November 2021 · Paper 2

    9 marks4.2.5.1 Fiscal policy4.2.3.2 Employment and unemployment
    The whole paper ↗
    November 2021 Paper 2, question 03: Extract B (line 9) states: ‘The government spending cuts also severely damaged private-sector jobs.’ With the help of a diagram, explain how a reduction in gove

  18. Q17

    November 2021 · Paper 3

    1 mark4.2.3.2 Employment and unemployment
    The whole paper ↗
    November 2021 Paper 3, question 17: Table 3 contains labour market data, in millions, for the UK in 2019. Table 3 Population aged 16 years and over 53.3 Economically active labour force 34.3 Total

  19. Q01

    November 2020 · Paper 2

    2 marks4.2.3.2 Employment and unemployment
    The whole paper ↗
    November 2020 Paper 2, question 01: Using the data in Extract A (Figure 1), calculate the mean unemployment rate for the UK from 2007–08 to 2017–18. Give your answer to one decimal place. [2 marks

  20. Q11

    November 2020 · Paper 2

    4.2.3.2 Employment and unemployment
    The whole paper ↗
    November 2020 Paper 2, question 11: Explain how demand-side and supply-side shocks might increase unemployment in an economy. [15 marks] Essay 2 During 2018, the UK experienced an annual growth ra
All 24 questions on Employment and unemployment, as a list
  1. June 2025, Paper 2, Q07 (9 marks): Extract E (lines 15–17) states: ‘In recent years, some of the BRICS+ countries, including China and India, have been responsible for large foreign direct invest
  2. June 2025, Paper 3, Q05 (1 mark): Which one of the following is most likely to lead to an increase in the number of people who are frictionally unemployed in the UK? [1 mark] A A fall in the num
  3. June 2025, AS Paper 2, Q14 (1 mark): The textile industry is a major employer of unskilled labour in an economy. The introduction of labour-saving technology in this industry is most likely to lead
  4. June 2024, Paper 2, Q11 (15 marks): Explain the factors which determine the natural rate of unemployment. [15 marks] Essay 2 In August 2022, the Office for National Statistics (ONS) announced that
  5. June 2024, Paper 2, Q12 (25 marks): Discuss the view that high levels of employment are always beneficial for an economy. [25 marks] Essay 2 In August 2022, the Office for National Statistics (ONS
  6. June 2024, AS Paper 2, Q09 (1 mark): Which type of unemployment is caused by a fall in aggregate demand leading to a fall in the demand for labour? [1 mark] A Cyclical B Frictional C Seasonal D Str
  7. June 2024, AS Paper 2, Q29 (4 marks): Use Extract D to identify two significant points of comparison between employment rates and inactivity rates in selected regions of the UK. [4 marks] Context 2
  8. June 2024, AS Paper 2, Q31 (10 marks): Extract F (lines 1–2) states: ‘Unless the UK Government provides additional support, the outlook for some poorer regions may be gloomy. They often suffer from s
  9. June 2023, Paper 2, Q07 (9 marks): Extract E (lines 4–5) states: ‘…banks in the UK decreased lending, reducing the availability of credit for households and firms. This damaged the real economy a
  10. June 2023, AS Paper 2, Q15 (1 mark): An economy experiences a low trend rate of economic growth, no output gap and a fall in total hours worked. In these circumstances, which one of the following c
  11. June 2023, AS Paper 2, Q16 (1 mark): The UK economy experiences a change in its foreign exchange rate from £1 = $1.60 to £1 = $1.75. Which one of the following is the most likely effect on the UK e
  12. June 2022, Paper 2, Q05 (2 marks): Using the data in Extract D (Figure 3), calculate the difference between the UK’s and Argentina’s mean unemployment rates over the period 2015 to 2018. Give you
  13. June 2022, Paper 3, Q27 (1 mark): Changing patterns of consumption have meant that summer holidays at UK seaside towns have become less popular. As a result, UK seaside holiday towns are affecte
  14. June 2022, AS Paper 2, Q04 (1 mark): Unemployment rose in an economy despite overall economic growth. This is most likely to be explained by an increase in A cyclical unemployment. B job vacancies.
  15. June 2022, AS Paper 2, Q25 (10 marks): Extract B (line 2) states: ‘…there were signs that economies were in the midst of a global slowdown’. Explain how a global slowdown can affect employment in the
  16. June 2022, AS Paper 2, Q27 (3 marks): Define ‘unemployment rate’ Extract E (line 18). [3 marks] Context 2 Total for this context: 50 marks GOVERNMENT SPENDING AND TAXATION Extract D: Composition of
  17. November 2021, Paper 2, Q03 (9 marks): Extract B (line 9) states: ‘The government spending cuts also severely damaged private-sector jobs.’ With the help of a diagram, explain how a reduction in gove
  18. November 2021, Paper 3, Q17 (1 mark): Table 3 contains labour market data, in millions, for the UK in 2019. Table 3 Population aged 16 years and over 53.3 Economically active labour force 34.3 Total
  19. November 2020, Paper 2, Q01 (2 marks): Using the data in Extract A (Figure 1), calculate the mean unemployment rate for the UK from 2007–08 to 2017–18. Give your answer to one decimal place. [2 marks
  20. November 2020, Paper 2, Q11 (15 marks): Explain how demand-side and supply-side shocks might increase unemployment in an economy. [15 marks] Essay 2 During 2018, the UK experienced an annual growth ra
  21. November 2020, Paper 3, Q25 (1 mark): An economy is estimated to be experiencing a 2% rate of frictional unemployment plus a 3% rate of structural and real wage unemployment. If it is also experienc
  22. November 2020, AS Paper 2, Q10 (1 mark): In which one of the following situations is there most likely to be cyclical unemployment in an economy? A Absence of an output gap B Generous unemployment bene
  23. November 2020, AS Paper 2, Q20 (1 mark): The level of unemployment in an economy has fallen. The most likely cause is A a reduction in firms’ profits. B a rise in the retirement age. C an increase in i
  24. November 2020, AS Paper 2, Q26 (25 marks): Extract C (line 1) states: ‘So, is the changing retail industry and the decline in the high street bad news for the economy?’ Use the extracts and your knowledg

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