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Evaluate the effectiveness of criminological theories to explain causes of criminality: WJEC Level 3 Criminology questions

Every WJEC Level 3 Criminology exam question on AC3.2 Evaluate the effectiveness of criminological theories to explain causes of criminality, 2017–2025, with its mark scheme and examiner’s report.

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246 questions

  1. Q3(a)(ii)

    Summer 2025 · Unit 2

    9 marksAC3.2 Evaluate the effectiveness of criminological theories to explain causes of criminality
    The whole paper ↗
    Summer 2025 Unit 2, question 3(a)(ii): Evaluate the effectiveness of two biological theories to explain the causes of criminality. [9]

  2. Q1(c)

    Summer 2024 · Unit 2

    9 marksAC3.2 Evaluate the effectiveness of criminological theories to explain causes of criminality
    The whole paper ↗
    Summer 2024 Unit 2, question 1(c): Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of sociological theories in explaining the causes of criminality. [9]

  3. Q2(d)

    Summer 2024 · Unit 2

    9 marksAC3.2 Evaluate the effectiveness of criminological theories to explain causes of criminality
    The whole paper ↗
    Summer 2024 Unit 2, question 2(d): Examine the strengths and weaknesses of two individualistic theories in explaining the causes of criminality. [9]

  4. Q1(a)(iii)

    Summer 2023 · Unit 2

    6 marksAC3.2 Evaluate the effectiveness of criminological theories to explain causes of criminality
    The whole paper ↗
    Summer 2023 Unit 2, question 1(a)(iii): Evaluate the effectiveness of one sociological theory in explaining the causes of criminality. [6]

  5. Q2(a)(iii)

    Summer 2023 · Unit 2

    9 marksAC3.2 Evaluate the effectiveness of criminological theories to explain causes of criminality
    The whole paper ↗
    Summer 2023 Unit 2, question 2(a)(iii): Evaluate the effectiveness of two individualistic theories in explaining the causes of criminality. [9]

  6. Q1(b)

    Summer 2022 · Unit 2

    6 marksAC3.2 Evaluate the effectiveness of criminological theories to explain causes of criminality
    The whole paper ↗
    Summer 2022 Unit 2, question 1(b): Evaluate the effectiveness of one individualistic theory in explaining the causes of criminality. [6]

  7. Q1(c)

    January 2022 · Unit 2

    9 marksAC3.2 Evaluate the effectiveness of criminological theories to explain causes of criminality
    The whole paper ↗
    January 2022 Unit 2, question 1(c): Evaluate the effectiveness of sociological theories in explaining causes of criminality. [9]

  8. Q3(a)(iii)

    January 2022 · Unit 2

    4 marksAC3.2 Evaluate the effectiveness of criminological theories to explain causes of criminality
    The whole paper ↗
    January 2022 Unit 2, question 3(a)(iii): Briefly describe two weaknesses of the theory described in 3(a)(i). [4]

  9. Q2(d)

    Autumn 2020 · Unit 2

    9 marksAC3.2 Evaluate the effectiveness of criminological theories to explain causes of criminality
    The whole paper ↗
    Autumn 2020 Unit 2, question 2(d): Evaluate the effectiveness of individualistic theories in explaining the causes of criminality. [9]

  10. Q1(a)(iii)

    Summer 2019 · Unit 2

    6 marksAC3.2 Evaluate the effectiveness of criminological theories to explain causes of criminality
    The whole paper ↗
    Summer 2019 Unit 2, question 1(a)(iii): Evaluate the theory described in (a)(i) and (ii). [6]

  11. Q3(a)(iii)

    Summer 2019 · Unit 2

    6 marksAC3.2 Evaluate the effectiveness of criminological theories to explain causes of criminality
    The whole paper ↗
    Summer 2019 Unit 2, question 3(a)(iii): Evaluate the effectiveness of either one physiological or one genetic theory in explaining the causes of criminality. [6]

  12. Q3(b)(ii)

    Summer 2019 · Unit 2

    6 marksAC3.2 Evaluate the effectiveness of criminological theories to explain causes of criminality
    The whole paper ↗
    Summer 2019 Unit 2, question 3(b)(ii): Evaluate the effectiveness of the theory described in (b) (i) in explaining the causes of criminality. [6]

  13. Q1(c)(iii)

    Summer 2018 · Unit 2

    6 marksAC3.2 Evaluate the effectiveness of criminological theories to explain causes of criminality
    The whole paper ↗
    Summer 2018 Unit 2, question 1(c)(iii): Evaluate the effectiveness of the sociological theory described on page 3 in explaining causes of criminality. [6]

  14. Q3(d)

    Summer 2018 · Unit 2

    8 marksAC3.2 Evaluate the effectiveness of criminological theories to explain causes of criminality
    The whole paper ↗
    Summer 2018 Unit 2, question 3(d): Evaluate psychodynamic theory in explaining causes of criminality. [8]

  15. Q1(d)

    Summer 2017 · Unit 2

    8 marksAC3.2 Evaluate the effectiveness of criminological theories to explain causes of criminality
    The whole paper ↗
    Summer 2017 Unit 2, question 1(d): Evaluate the effectiveness of a range of individualistic criminological theories to explain causes of criminality. [8]

  16. Q3(a)(ii)

    Summer 2017 · Unit 2

    6 marksAC3.2 Evaluate the effectiveness of criminological theories to explain causes of criminality
    The whole paper ↗
    Summer 2017 Unit 2, question 3(a)(ii): Describe the weakness of the physiological theory described in (a) (i). [6]
All 16 questions on Evaluate the effectiveness of criminological theories to explain causes of criminality, as a list
  1. Summer 2025, Unit 2, Q3(a)(ii) (9 marks): Evaluate the effectiveness of two biological theories to explain the causes of criminality. [9]
  2. Summer 2024, Unit 2, Q1(c) (9 marks): Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of sociological theories in explaining the causes of criminality. [9]
  3. Summer 2024, Unit 2, Q2(d) (9 marks): Examine the strengths and weaknesses of two individualistic theories in explaining the causes of criminality. [9]
  4. Summer 2023, Unit 2, Q1(a)(iii) (6 marks): Evaluate the effectiveness of one sociological theory in explaining the causes of criminality. [6]
  5. Summer 2023, Unit 2, Q2(a)(iii) (9 marks): Evaluate the effectiveness of two individualistic theories in explaining the causes of criminality. [9]
  6. Summer 2022, Unit 2, Q1(b) (6 marks): Evaluate the effectiveness of one individualistic theory in explaining the causes of criminality. [6]
  7. January 2022, Unit 2, Q1(c) (9 marks): Evaluate the effectiveness of sociological theories in explaining causes of criminality. [9]
  8. January 2022, Unit 2, Q3(a)(iii) (4 marks): Briefly describe two weaknesses of the theory described in 3(a)(i). [4]
  9. Autumn 2020, Unit 2, Q2(d) (9 marks): Evaluate the effectiveness of individualistic theories in explaining the causes of criminality. [9]
  10. Summer 2019, Unit 2, Q1(a)(iii) (6 marks): Evaluate the theory described in (a)(i) and (ii). [6]
  11. Summer 2019, Unit 2, Q3(a)(iii) (6 marks): Evaluate the effectiveness of either one physiological or one genetic theory in explaining the causes of criminality. [6]
  12. Summer 2019, Unit 2, Q3(b)(ii) (6 marks): Evaluate the effectiveness of the theory described in (b) (i) in explaining the causes of criminality. [6]
  13. Summer 2018, Unit 2, Q1(c)(iii) (6 marks): Evaluate the effectiveness of the sociological theory described on page 3 in explaining causes of criminality. [6]
  14. Summer 2018, Unit 2, Q3(d) (8 marks): Evaluate psychodynamic theory in explaining causes of criminality. [8]
  15. Summer 2017, Unit 2, Q1(d) (8 marks): Evaluate the effectiveness of a range of individualistic criminological theories to explain causes of criminality. [8]
  16. Summer 2017, Unit 2, Q3(a)(ii) (6 marks): Describe the weakness of the physiological theory described in (a) (i). [6]

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