The challenges of size: OCR GCSE Biology A questions

Every OCR GCSE Biology A exam question on B2.2 The challenges of size, 2018–2025, with its mark scheme and examiner’s report.

All 164 questions on The challenges of size, as a list

June 2025, Paper 1 Foundation, Q4 (1 mark): Which piece of equipment is used to measure the rate of water uptake from a leafy shoot? A Microscope B Potometer C Thermometer D Water bath Your answer [1]
June 2025, Paper 1 Foundation, Q8 (1 mark): The diagram shows the human circulatory system. Lungs Rest of body What describes the route the blood will take when it leaves the lungs and passes to the rest
June 2025, Paper 1 Foundation, Q11 (1 mark): Which cell does not contain a nucleus? A Red blood cell B Root hair cell C Sperm cell D White blood cell Your answer [1]
June 2025, Paper 1 Foundation, Q22(a) (3 marks): Complete this table by: • writing the missing types of blood vessel • putting a tick (✓) or a cross (✗) to identify the two missing characteristics. Type of blo
June 2025, Paper 1 Foundation, Q22(b)(i) (4 marks): Calculate the percentage of all the replacements in 2016 that used the TAVR procedure. Give your answer to 1 decimal place. Percentage using TAVR procedure = %
June 2025, Paper 1 Foundation, Q22(b)(ii) (3 marks): After valve replacement, patients can develop kidney damage or have strokes. The table shows the percentage of patients that develop kidney damage or strokes af
June 2025, Paper 1 Foundation, Q24(f) (1 mark): Cells located in region D differentiate to form a tissue responsible for translocation. State the name of this tissue. [1]
June 2025, Paper 2 Foundation, Q1 (1 mark): Which row gives the features of a white blood cell? Contains haemoglobin Has a nucleus A 3 3 B 3 7 C 7 3 D 7 7 Your answer [1]
June 2025, Paper 2 Foundation, Q4 (1 mark): What is the function of platelets in blood? A Carrying oxygen B Clotting C Maintaining body temperature D Producing antibodies Your answer [1]
June 2025, Paper 3 Higher, Q13 (1 mark): Which blood vessel transports blood out of the left ventricle? A Aorta B Pulmonary artery C Pulmonary vein D Vena cava Your answer [1]
June 2025, Paper 3 Higher, Q17(f) (1 mark): Cells located in region D differentiate to form a tissue responsible for translocation. State the name of this tissue. [1]
June 2024, Paper 1 Foundation, Q3 (1 mark): The diagram shows the structure of a snake’s heart. Which sentence describes the structure of the snake’s heart? A It has one atrium and one ventricle. B It has
June 2024, Paper 1 Foundation, Q5 (1 mark): Which word describes the loss of water vapour from the leaves of the plant? A Circulation B Respiration C Translocation D Transpiration Your answer [1]
June 2024, Paper 1 Foundation, Q8 (1 mark): What is transported by red blood cells? A Antibodies B Glucose C Hormones D Oxygen Your answer [1]
June 2024, Paper 1 Foundation, Q9 (1 mark): Which blood vessel transports blood from the lungs to the heart? A Aorta B Pulmonary artery C Pulmonary vein D Vena cava Your answer [1]
June 2024, Paper 1 Foundation, Q10 (1 mark): Which diagram shows a red blood cell? A B C D Your answer [1]
June 2024, Paper 1 Foundation, Q21(a) (1 mark): What is the role of the valves in veins? [1]
June 2024, Paper 1 Foundation, Q21(b) (1 mark): Varicose veins are more common in pregnant females. During pregnancy, the baby can push on the main veins bringing blood back from the mother’s legs. Give one r
June 2024, Paper 1 Foundation, Q21(c)(i) (2 marks): Calculate the number of males in the study with varicose veins who were younger than 25 years old. Number of males = [2]
June 2024, Paper 1 Foundation, Q21(c)(ii) (2 marks): Which conclusions based on the data in Table 21.1 are true and which are false? Tick (3) one box in each row. Conclusion True False More females than males deve
June 2024, Paper 1 Foundation, Q21(d) (1 mark): The results of the study were published in a peer review journal. Give one reason why peer review is important. [1]
June 2024, Paper 3 Higher, Q15 (1 mark): In an experiment to investigate the effect of temperature on transpiration, a student measures the air temperature with a thermometer. °C 50 40 30 20 10 0 They
June 2024, Paper 3 Higher, Q18(a)(i) (1 mark): Name the blood vessel that transports blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body. [1]
June 2024, Paper 3 Higher, Q18(a)(ii) (1 mark): Name the process that plants use to transport sugars to the roots. [1]
June 2024, Paper 3 Higher, Q18(a)(iii) (1 mark): Name the blood vessel that transports blood to the right atrium. [1]
June 2024, Paper 3 Higher, Q22(a) (1 mark): Describe the effect that this condition will have on blood flow. [1]
June 2024, Paper 3 Higher, Q22(b) (1 mark): Suggest one symptom someone with varicose veins can have. [1]
June 2024, Paper 3 Higher, Q22(c) (2 marks): The data in the table shows the results from a study by scientists on varicose veins. Number of Percentage of people Age group people with with varicose veins v
June 2024, Paper 3 Higher, Q22(d)(i) (4 marks): The scientists stated this conclusion from the study: Individuals with varicose veins were at a greater risk of deep vein thrombosis. However, they were not at
June 2024, Paper 3 Higher, Q22(d)(ii) (2 marks): The results of this study were published in a peer reviewed journal. What are two benefits of reading information that has been peer reviewed? 1 2 [2]
June 2024, Paper 4 Higher, Q19(b) (2 marks): Explain why the mistletoe grows into the phloem of the tree. [2]
June 2023, Paper 1 Foundation, Q2 (1 mark): The cactus is found in the desert. It has very small leaves called spines. Spines Why are spines an advantage to the cactus? A They slow down the rate of respir
June 2023, Paper 1 Foundation, Q3 (1 mark): In transpiration, water is lost from a plant. Which part of a plant loses water to the surroundings? A Guard cells B Root hair cells C Stomata D Xylem Your answ
June 2023, Paper 1 Foundation, Q4 (1 mark): Which chamber in the human heart contracts with the greatest force? B A D C Your answer [1]
June 2023, Paper 1 Foundation, Q5 (1 mark): Which row shows where valves in the heart are found? Between the Between the In the atria and ventricles and capillaries ventricles arteries A no no no B yes ye
June 2023, Paper 1 Foundation, Q7 (1 mark): Which of these structures is found in the xylem? A Cytoplasm B Mitochondria C Sieve pores in the end walls D Waterproof substance called lignin Your answer [1]
June 2023, Paper 1 Foundation, Q11 (1 mark): Small insects feed by taking fluid from the phloem of plants. They use the contents of this fluid for respiration. What will the small insects take from phloem
June 2023, Paper 1 Foundation, Q24(a) (3 marks): Arteries, capillaries and veins are blood vessels found in the human circulatory system. Put ticks (✓) in each row to identify which blood vessels have each fea
June 2023, Paper 1 Foundation, Q24(b) (2 marks): Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a condition caused by faulty valves found in some blood vessels in the legs. Describe how CVI will affect the person’s blo
June 2023, Paper 1 Foundation, Q24(c) (2 marks): The volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle into the aorta during one contraction is 70 ml. Calculate the volume of blood that will be pumped into the ao
June 2023, Paper 1 Foundation, Q24(d) (2 marks): Red blood cells contain haemoglobin to transport oxygen. Give one other feature of red blood cells. How does this other feature allow the cell to perform its fu
June 2023, Paper 3 Higher, Q4 (1 mark): Water passes through a plant and is lost in transpiration. What is the correct route for water to move in this process? A From the phloem to the stomata B From
June 2023, Paper 3 Higher, Q7 (1 mark): The diagram shows the main structures in the heart. U P Q T R S Blood flows from the lungs back to the heart and is then pumped to the body. Which order of stru
June 2023, Paper 3 Higher, Q14 (1 mark): Which blood vessels have a valve at the junction between the blood vessel and the heart? A Aorta and pulmonary artery B Aorta and vena cava C Aorta, pulmonary a
June 2023, Paper 3 Higher, Q17(a) (3 marks): Arteries, capillaries and veins are blood vessels found in the human circulatory system. Put ticks (✓) in each row to identify which blood vessels have each fea
June 2023, Paper 3 Higher, Q17(b) (2 marks): Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a condition caused by faulty valves found in some blood vessels in the legs. Describe how CVI will affect the person’s blo
June 2023, Paper 3 Higher, Q17(c) (2 marks): The volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle into the aorta during one contraction is 70 ml. Calculate the volume of blood that will be pumped into the ao
June 2023, Paper 3 Higher, Q17(d) (2 marks): Red blood cells contain haemoglobin to transport oxygen. Give one other feature of red blood cells. How does this other feature allow the cell to perform its fu
June 2023, Paper 3 Higher, Q24(b) (1 mark): The haemoglobin in the red blood cells of a person with beta thalassaemia does not function correctly. Suggest one symptom that a person with beta thalassaemia
June 2022, Paper 1 Foundation, Q4 (1 mark): Which blood vessels have valves along their length? A Arteries and capillaries B Arteries, veins and capillaries C Capillaries D Veins Your answer [1]
June 2022, Paper 1 Foundation, Q11 (1 mark): The diagram shows a red blood cell from a person who has sickle cell anaemia. This condition results in red blood cells that are sickle shaped. People with sick
June 2022, Paper 1 Foundation, Q15 (1 mark): The diagram shows a potometer. Water Tap Narrow tube Water 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Gas bubble A student wants to test the hypothesis that the number of stomata o
June 2022, Paper 1 Foundation, Q17(a)(i) (1 mark): On Fig. 17.1 draw an arrow to identify one valve. Label the arrow V. [1]
June 2022, Paper 1 Foundation, Q17(a)(ii) (1 mark): On Fig. 17.1 draw a second arrow to identify one atrium. Label this arrow A. [1]
June 2022, Paper 1 Foundation, Q17(a)(iii) (2 marks): The left ventricle has more muscle than the right ventricle. Explain why. [2]
June 2022, Paper 1 Foundation, Q17(b) (2 marks): The heart circulates blood around the body three times every minute. Calculate how many times blood will circulate around the body in one hour. Number of times
June 2022, Paper 1 Foundation, Q17(c) (1 mark): A scientist compares the time spent exercising each week with the resting heart rates of a number of individuals. Fig. 17.2 shows their results. Fig. 17.2 100.0
June 2022, Paper 1 Foundation, Q17(d) (1 mark): A student writes some notes about veins: Veins are large blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart. They have a smooth lining and a narrow lumen. The stu
June 2022, Paper 1 Foundation, Q17(e) (2 marks): The human circulatory system is described as a double circulatory system. Explain why. [2]
June 2022, Paper 1 Foundation, Q18(a) (4 marks): Draw three lines to connect each description to its correct process. Then draw three lines to connect each process to the structure where that process takes pla
June 2022, Paper 3 Higher, Q2 (1 mark): The diagram shows a potometer. Water Tap Narrow tube Water 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Gas bubble A student wants to test the hypothesis that the number of stomata o
June 2022, Paper 3 Higher, Q3 (1 mark): Transpiration will occur fastest in which conditions? A A cold and windy environment B A dark and cold environment C A dark and warm environment D A warm and wi
June 2022, Paper 3 Higher, Q4 (1 mark): Which adaptation of xylem helps prevent water leaving the xylem vessels? A Lignin in the walls of the xylem B Pits (holes) in the walls of the xylem C The break
June 2022, Paper 3 Higher, Q9 (1 mark): A student cuts a cube of potato to use in an experiment. Each face of the cube is 2 cm by 2 cm. What is the surface area : volume ratio of the cube? A 3 : 1 B 4
June 2022, Paper 3 Higher, Q11 (1 mark): The table shows some features of blood vessels. Valves along the length Thickness of walls Diameter of lumen A yes thick wide B no thin narrow C yes thin wide D
June 2022, Paper 3 Higher, Q19(b) (1 mark): There are two types of AMD, wet and dry. In wet AMD, tiny blood vessels 5 – 10 μm in size grow as the body tries to repair the retina. Name the type of blood ve
June 2022, Paper 3 Higher, Q20(b) (2 marks): Hypothyroidism can also change the way the body processes fat. • This can cause high cholesterol levels that lead to deposits of cholesterol in the coronary art
June 2022, Paper 3 Higher, Q22(a) (4 marks): Explain how the guard cells help control the size of the stoma. Use information from the diagram. [4]
June 2022, Paper 3 Higher, Q22(b) (2 marks): The diagram has a magnification of ×400. The width of the stoma is 5 mm. Calculate the actual size of the stoma. Give your answer in micrometres. (1 mm = 1000 m
June 2022, Paper 3 Higher, Q22(c) (2 marks): A student describes the structure and function of xylem to another student. ‘Xylem vessels are made up of dead cells joined together end to end. The vessels are
June 2022, Paper 3 Higher, Q24(b) (3 marks): A male has: • 4.7 million red blood cells per microlitre of blood. • 4.5 litres of blood. (1 litre = 1 000 000 microlitres) Calculate how many red blood cells a
June 2022, Paper 4 Higher, Q13 (1 mark): A teacher measures the volume of a leaf by placing it in a measuring cylinder of water. They take the two measurements shown in the diagram. cm3 cm3 100 100 90
November 2021, Paper 1 Foundation, Q3 (1 mark): After blood leaves the human heart it passes through different blood vessels. Which is the correct order of these blood vessels? A Heart arteries capillaries ve
November 2021, Paper 1 Foundation, Q4 (1 mark): Plants contain stomata. Where are stomata found in most plants? A Mainly on the lower surface of the leaves. B Mainly on the upper surface of the leaves. C Main
November 2021, Paper 1 Foundation, Q13 (1 mark): Which row in the table is the correct description for the process of translocation? Structure involved Liquid transported Direction of movement A phloem sugar d
November 2021, Paper 1 Foundation, Q14 (1 mark): The diagram shows a potometer. Cut leafy twig X Tap Narrow tube Water cm 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Gas bubble What is the purpose of the water in X? A To provide w
November 2021, Paper 1 Foundation, Q17(a) (1 mark): What is the dependent variable in this investigation? [1]
November 2021, Paper 1 Foundation, Q17(b) (2 marks): Write down two variables the students tried to control in their experiment. 1 2 [2]
November 2021, Paper 1 Foundation, Q17(c) (1 mark): Why is it important to first record the students’ breathing rate at rest? [1]
November 2021, Paper 1 Foundation, Q17(d) (3 marks): The results of their investigation are shown in the table. Breathing rate (breaths / min) Time (min) Student A Student B 0 (rest) 10 11 1 13 16 2 16 25 3 24 29
November 2021, Paper 1 Foundation, Q17(e) (2 marks): Use the results from the investigation to write down two conclusions about how exercise affects breathing rate. 1 2 [2]
November 2021, Paper 1 Foundation, Q17(f)(i) (2 marks): Give two problems with the method used by the students. 1 2 [2]
November 2021, Paper 1 Foundation, Q17(f)(ii) (1 mark): Suggest one way the method could be improved. [1]
November 2021, Paper 1 Foundation, Q18(c) (3 marks): A gardener digs up a bush and then plants it in a different position in their garden. They try to dig up the bush with as much soil as possible so that the root
November 2021, Paper 2 Foundation, Q16(b) (3 marks): Adult Blandford flies often bite people and feed by sucking up blood. Before they start feeding, they inject proteins into the skin. These proteins have two act
November 2021, Paper 2 Foundation, Q21(a) (2 marks): Explain why the skinks need haemoglobin in their blood to stay alive. [2]
November 2021, Paper 3 Higher, Q1 (1 mark): The diagram shows a potometer. Cut leafy twig X Tap Narrow tube Water cm 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Gas bubble What is the purpose of the water in X? A To provide w
November 2021, Paper 3 Higher, Q3 (1 mark): People with situs inversus have their organs reversed so they are a ‘mirror image’ of the usual arrangement. The diagram shows the heart from someone with situs
November 2021, Paper 3 Higher, Q18(a) (4 marks): The diagram shows the lower surface of a leaf. Stomatal pore Nucleus Cytoplasm Epidermal cell Guard cells Nucleus Explain how guard cells change shape to open s
November 2021, Paper 3 Higher, Q18(b)(i) (1 mark): Calculate the area of the field of view. Use the equation: area = π r2, where π = 3.14 and r = radius of the field of view Write your answer in Table 18.1. [1]
November 2021, Paper 3 Higher, Q18(b)(ii) (1 mark): Calculate the mean number of stomata in one field of view. Write your answer in Table 18.1. [1]
November 2021, Paper 3 Higher, Q18(b)(iii) (2 marks): Stomatal density is the number of stomata per mm2. Use the data in Table 18.1 to calculate the mean stomatal density. Give your answer to 3 significant figures.
November 2021, Paper 3 Higher, Q18(b)(iv) (1 mark): Random errors can cause results to be above or below the true or accepted value. How has the student tried to minimise the effect of random error? [1]
November 2021, Paper 3 Higher, Q18(c)(i) (1 mark): What do the graphs show about the relationship between stomatal density and leaf area? [1]
November 2021, Paper 3 Higher, Q18(c)(ii) (2 marks): Give two differences in patterns of data shown in the two graphs. 1 2 [2]
November 2021, Paper 3 Higher, Q18(d)(i) (1 mark): The graph has range bars drawn at each plotted point. These give the highest and lowest values at each point. Give one reason why plotting range bars on the gra
November 2021, Paper 3 Higher, Q18(d)(ii) (1 mark): What does the graph suggest about the relationship between stomatal density and cuticle thickness? Tick (3) one box. As stomatal density decreases, cuticle thic
November 2021, Paper 3 Higher, Q20(b)(i) (1 mark): Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the pulmonary circuit? [1]
November 2021, Paper 3 Higher, Q20(b)(ii) (1 mark): Which structure in the heart controls the direction of blood flow between the left atrium and left ventricle? [1]
November 2021, Paper 3 Higher, Q20(b)(iii) (1 mark): Which tissue in the wall of the heart contracts to pump the blood? [1]
November 2020, Paper 1 Foundation, Q3 (1 mark): Which substances are absorbed from the soil by the root hair cell? Substances entering root hair cell from soil A Carbohydrates and proteins B Carbon dioxide an
November 2020, Paper 1 Foundation, Q6 (1 mark): Which process moves food around in plants? A Osmosis B Respiration C Translocation D Transpiration Your answer [1]
November 2020, Paper 1 Foundation, Q7 (1 mark): Some plants can wilt if they lose more water than they take up. Which conditions make a plant most likely to wilt? A Higher wind speed and lower temperature B L
November 2020, Paper 1 Foundation, Q8 (1 mark): The graph shows total water loss from a plant. 5 4 3 Total water loss (ml per 100 g plant tissue) 2 1 0 0 5 10 15 20 Time (min) Calculate the water lost between
November 2020, Paper 1 Foundation, Q13 (1 mark): Marram grass grows on sand dunes with very little water available. It has a leaf that is curled in on itself so that the stomata are hidden on the inside, as sh
November 2020, Paper 1 Foundation, Q21(a)(i) (2 marks): Calculate the surface area : volume ratio for the cube with sides of 2 mm. surface area : volume ratio = [2]
November 2020, Paper 1 Foundation, Q21(a)(ii) (1 mark): What conclusion can be made about the effect of surface area : volume ratio on the rate of diffusion? [1]
November 2020, Paper 1 Foundation, Q21(a)(iii) (2 marks): Emphysema causes some of the walls of alveoli in the lungs to break down. This produces a smaller number of larger air sacs. Use the results to explain the effe
November 2020, Paper 1 Foundation, Q21(b) (2 marks): In a condition called sickle cell anaemia, the red blood cells can change shape. This reduces the amount of oxygen getting to cells in the body. Fig. 21.2 shows
November 2020, Paper 2 Foundation, Q19(a) (1 mark): Write down one possible symptom of Fanconi anaemia. [1]
November 2020, Paper 2 Foundation, Q19(b)(i) (2 marks): The diagram shows a microscope slide containing blood from a patient. The volume of blood under the slide is 0.1 mm3 and it contains 1000 white blood cells. Cal
November 2020, Paper 2 Foundation, Q19(b)(ii) (1 mark): Does the blood sample provide evidence that the patient has Fanconi anaemia? Use the table and your answer to part (b)(i) to justify your answer. [1]
November 2020, Paper 3 Higher, Q3 (1 mark): Which row shows the correct direction of blood flow through a double circulatory system? A left side of heart body organs right side of heart lungs B left side
November 2020, Paper 3 Higher, Q5 (1 mark): How is sugar transported around a plant? A Upwards in phloem B Upwards in xylem C Upwards and downwards in phloem D Upwards and downwards in xylem Your answer [
November 2020, Paper 3 Higher, Q7 (1 mark): Which diagram shows cells that swell, creating an opening during daylight conditions? A B C D [1] Your answer
November 2020, Paper 3 Higher, Q16(a)(i) (2 marks): Calculate the surface area : volume ratio for the cube with sides of 2 mm. surface area : volume ratio = [2]
November 2020, Paper 3 Higher, Q16(a)(ii) (1 mark): What conclusion can be made about the effect of surface area : volume ratio on the rate of diffusion? [1]
November 2020, Paper 3 Higher, Q16(a)(iii) (2 marks): Emphysema causes some of the walls of alveoli in the lungs to break down. This produces a smaller number of larger air sacs. Use the results to explain the effe
November 2020, Paper 3 Higher, Q16(b) (2 marks): In a condition called sickle cell anaemia, the red blood cells can change shape. This reduces the amount of oxygen getting to cells in the body. Fig. 16.2 shows
November 2020, Paper 3 Higher, Q19(a)(i) (2 marks): Describe what happens during transpiration. [2]
November 2020, Paper 3 Higher, Q19(a)(ii) (3 marks): Describe how the apparatus can be used to investigate the effect of light on transpiration rates. [3]
November 2020, Paper 3 Higher, Q19(a)(iii) (2 marks): The heat sink is a transparent tube of cold water. Explain why a heat sink is used in this experiment. [2]
November 2020, Paper 3 Higher, Q19(b)(i) (3 marks): The mean distance the gas bubble moved along the tube at 10 cm from the light was 72 mm. The diameter of the narrow tube was 1 mm. Calculate the volume of water
November 2020, Paper 3 Higher, Q19(b)(ii) (2 marks): Identify the anomalous reading in their recorded results and suggest a possible reason for this. [2]
November 2020, Paper 3 Higher, Q19(b)(iii) (1 mark): How should the scientists deal with this anomalous reading when they process the data? [1]
November 2020, Paper 3 Higher, Q19(b)(iv) (2 marks): The scientists described their results for 20 cm as 73 ± 2. Explain why they did this. [2]
November 2020, Paper 4 Higher, Q19(a) (2 marks): Explain two possible symptoms of Fanconi anaemia. 1 2 [2]
November 2020, Paper 4 Higher, Q19(b)(i) (2 marks): Suggest why there is such a wide range of white blood cell numbers. [2]
November 2020, Paper 4 Higher, Q19(b)(ii) (1 mark): The diagram shows a microscope slide containing blood from a patient. Slide Cover slip The square cover slip is 10 mm wide and the thickness of the blood undern
November 2020, Paper 4 Higher, Q19(b)(iii) (3 marks): Under the cover slip are 1000 white blood cells. Does the blood sample provide evidence that the patient has Fanconi anaemia? Use Table 19.1 and your answer to
November 2020, Paper 4 Higher, Q19(c) (3 marks): There are many different genetic disorders that can affect blood cells. Details of three of these are found in Table 19.2. Name of disorder Cause of disorder Sy
June 2019, Paper 1 Foundation, Q16(b) (1 mark): What is the name of plant cell X? Tick (✓) one box. Phloem cell Root hair cell Xylem cell [1]
June 2019, Paper 1 Foundation, Q16(c) (2 marks): State two ways that cell X is adapted to its function in a plant. 1 2 [2]
June 2019, Paper 1 Foundation, Q17(a)(i) (1 mark): What is the name of the tissue in the stem that the greenfly is trying to reach with its mouthpart? Tick (✓) one box. Phloem Root hair Xylem [1]
June 2019, Paper 1 Foundation, Q17(a)(ii) (2 marks): Explain why plants infested with greenfly have very poor growth. [2]
June 2019, Paper 1 Foundation, Q17(b)(i) (2 marks): On a windy day, the plant outside the glasshouse wilts first. Explain why. [2]
June 2019, Paper 1 Foundation, Q17(b)(ii) (3 marks): The gardener’s results do not provide very accurate information about the effect of wind on water loss. How could the gardener improve the design of her experim
June 2019, Paper 1 Foundation, Q17(c) (2 marks): Fifty years ago scientists experimenting on plants had to inject dyes to measure water flow. Now they can use modern methods such as MRI and X-ray imaging. Scie
June 2019, Paper 1 Foundation, Q21(a) (2 marks): Describe how the diagram shows that humans have a double circulatory system. [2]
June 2019, Paper 1 Foundation, Q21(b) (3 marks): Look at the diagrams of the circulation systems in an amphibian, bird and fish. Amphibian Bird Fish Lung Lung Gills Body organs Body organs Body organs Which of
June 2019, Paper 1 Foundation, Q21(c)(i) (2 marks): By how many times has the total blood flow increased by doing exercise? Give your answer to the nearest whole number. Number of times the total blood flow has i
June 2019, Paper 1 Foundation, Q21(c)(ii) (2 marks): The table shows that blood flow to other organs has decreased by nearly 5 times when a person is doing exercise. The blood flow to the muscles has increased by
June 2019, Paper 2 Foundation, Q20(a) (2 marks): Warfarin is a chemical that is used as a rat poison. It stops platelets working in the blood. Describe the function of platelets in the blood. [2]
June 2019, Paper 3 Higher, Q16(a) (2 marks): Describe how the diagram shows that humans have a double circulatory system. [2]
June 2019, Paper 3 Higher, Q16(b) (3 marks): Look at the diagrams of the circulation systems in an amphibian, bird and fish. Amphibian Bird Fish Lung Lung Gills Body organs Body organs Body organs Which of
June 2019, Paper 3 Higher, Q16(c)(i) (2 marks): By how many times has the total blood flow increased by doing exercise? Give your answer to the nearest whole number. Number of times the total blood flow has i
June 2019, Paper 3 Higher, Q16(c)(ii) (2 marks): The table shows that blood flow to other organs has decreased by nearly 5 times when a person is doing exercise. The blood flow to the muscles has increased by
June 2019, Paper 4 Higher, Q23(a) (2 marks): Warfarin is a chemical that is used as a rat poison. It stops the correct functioning of platelets in the blood. Explain why warfarin can be used as a rat poiso
June 2018, Paper 1 Foundation, Q15 (1 mark): Transpiration has a cooling effect on the leaves of plants. Which statement best describes how this happens? A Evaporation of water from the leaf removes heat e
June 2018, Paper 1 Foundation, Q16(a)(i) (1 mark): Write the letter X on the diagram to show the position of the left ventricle. [1]
June 2018, Paper 1 Foundation, Q16(a)(ii) (2 marks): Complete the sequence to show the flow of blood through the circulatory system. Left side of heart â Rest of body â Veins â Right side of heart â Artery â Vein
June 2018, Paper 1 Foundation, Q16(b)(i) (1 mark): What is the name of this type of circulation? [1]
June 2018, Paper 1 Foundation, Q16(b)(ii) (2 marks): Suggest two advantages of blood travelling through the heart twice in each complete circuit of the body. 1 2 [2]
June 2018, Paper 1 Foundation, Q16(c) (2 marks): How is the thickness of the heart wall on the left side different to the right side? Write down two reasons for the difference. [2]
June 2018, Paper 1 Foundation, Q16(d)(i) (2 marks): Describe two differences in structure between the artery and the vein shown in the diagram. 1 2 [2]
June 2018, Paper 1 Foundation, Q16(d)(ii) (1 mark): Write down one difference between arteries and veins that is not shown in the diagram. [1]
June 2018, Paper 1 Foundation, Q17(a)(i) (1 mark): Write down the name of the cell labelled X. [1]
June 2018, Paper 1 Foundation, Q17(a)(ii) (2 marks): Describe two functions of stomata. [2]
June 2018, Paper 3 Higher, Q4 (1 mark): A student uses a simple potometer to study the effect of different temperatures on the cut shoot of a plant. What does the potometer actually measure? A Volume
June 2018, Paper 3 Higher, Q12 (1 mark): The surface area of a single red blood cell is 1.5 × 10–4 mm2. The volume is 1 × 10–7 mm3. What is the surface area to volume ratio of a red blood cell? A 0.001
June 2018, Paper 3 Higher, Q13 (1 mark): The diagram shows a red blood cell. Cell membrane 0.0070 mm 0.0025 mm Cytoplasm containing haemoglobin Distance oxygen travels Surface area to volume to get to
June 2018, Paper 3 Higher, Q15 (1 mark): Sieve plates are structures found in plants. What is their location and function? A Found in phloem and allow movement of sucrose B Found in phloem and allow mo
June 2018, Paper 3 Higher, Q21(d)(i) (4 marks): Photosynthesis occurs in the guard cells but not the epidermal cells. Explain why this is important in the control of the rate of transpiration in the plant. [4
June 2018, Paper 3 Higher, Q21(e) (3 marks): An experiment was done to look at the effect of ‘ringing’ on a tree trunk. Ringing removes a strip of plant tissue from around the stem of the tree. The diagram

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