Amines: Edexcel International A Level Chemistry questions

Every Edexcel International A Level Chemistry exam question on Amines (specification points 19.1–19.6), 2019–2025, with its mark scheme and examiner’s report.

All 80 questions on Amines, as a list

June 2025, Unit 5, Q7 (1 mark): Which product forms when butylamine reacts with ethanoyl chloride? A ethanamide B butanamide C N-butylethanamide D N-ethylbutanamide
June 2025, Unit 5, Q8 (1 mark): Which are the reagents and conditions for the reaction shown? CH3 CH3 NO2 NH2 + and reflux A K2Cr2O7 , H B LiAlH4 in dry ether C H2 gas at high temperature D Sn
June 2025, Unit 5, Q17(a)(i) (1 mark): Draw the skeletal structure of trimethylamine. (1)
June 2025, Unit 5, Q17(a)(ii) (1 mark): Identify the class of amine to which trimethylamine belongs. (1)
June 2025, Unit 5, Q17(a)(iv) (1 mark): An aqueous solution of trimethylamine is alkaline. Write an ionic equation to show how trimethylamine acts as a base. State symbols are not required. (1)
June 2025, Unit 5, Q18(a) (2 marks): State the reagents and conditions required for the formation of a diazonium ion from compound A. (2)
June 2025, Unit 5, Q18(b) (1 mark): Draw the structure of the diazonium ion formed. (1)
June 2025, Unit 5, Q18(c) (1 mark): The structure of sunset yellow is shown. Use a circle to identify the functional group, other than the diazonium group, that is essential for the coupling react
June 2025 (A), Unit 5, Q17(a) (3 marks): Explain why ethylamine is fully miscible with water. (3)
June 2025 (A), Unit 5, Q17(b) (6 marks): Amines are derived from ammonia, which is a weak base. Explain the differences in the strengths of three bases: ammonia, methylamine and phenylamine. In your an
June 2025 (A), Unit 5, Q17(c)(ii) (2 marks): State the reagents and conditions for Reaction 2. (2)
June 2025 (A), Unit 5, Q17(d)(i) (1 mark): Draw the structure of the reagent which is added to the diazonium ion in this reaction. Ignore the conversion to the sodium salt. (1)
January 2025, Unit 5, Q9(a) (1 mark): Which reagents are mixed with hydrochloric acid to produce the benzenediazonium ion? N+ N benzenediazonium ion (1) A C6H5NH2 and NaNO2 B C6H5NO2 and NaNO2 C C6H
January 2025, Unit 5, Q9(b) (1 mark): Which reagents and conditions are used to prepare the yellow dye 4‑phenyldiazenylphenol from the benzenediazonium ion? N N N+ N OH benzenediazonium ion 4‑phenyl
January 2025, Unit 5, Q23(b)(iv) (1 mark): Identify, by name or formula, the reagents required for Step 6. (1)
January 2025, Unit 5, Q23(c)(i) (3 marks): Explain why the basicity of the nitrogen atoms in procaine is different. (3)
January 2025, Unit 5, Q23(c)(ii) (1 mark): Procaine hydrochloride is made by reacting procaine with hydrogen chloride in a 1 : 1 ratio. Draw the structure of procaine hydrochloride, showing how the hydro
January 2025, Unit 5, Q23(c)(iii) (2 marks): Explain why procaine hydrochloride is more soluble in aqueous solutions such as blood plasma than procaine. (2)
January 2025, Unit 6, Q2(c)(i) (1 mark): Give the systematic name of HNO2 . (1)
January 2025, Unit 6, Q2(c)(ii) (1 mark): State why the HNO2 is formed when required in test tube A, rather than bought from a chemical supplier. (1)
January 2025, Unit 6, Q2(c)(iii) (2 marks): Explain why the test tubes in Step 1 are left in an ice-water bath for five minutes. (2)
October 2024, Unit 5, Q7(a) (1 mark): In the production of chrysoidine, phenylamine is first reacted with nitrous acid. Which equation shows the formation of nitrous acid from sodium nitrite? (1) A
October 2024, Unit 5, Q7(b) (1 mark): The reaction of phenylamine with nitrous acid produces the benzenediazonium ion. Which is the structure of the benzenediazonium ion? (1) + + :N N: N N A B + + N
October 2024, Unit 5, Q7(c) (1 mark): Which reactant is required for the coupling reaction with the benzenediazonium ion to form chrysoidine? (1) NH2 A NH2 NH2 HO B NH2 NH2 H2N C NH2 NH2 Cl–N2 + D N
October 2024, Unit 5, Q8(a) (1 mark): The IUPAC name for serine is (1) A 2-amino-2-carboxyethanol B 2-amino-1-hydroxyethanoic acid C 2-amino-1-hydroxypropanoic acid D 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid
October 2024, Unit 5, Q15(d) (3 marks): Explain why butylamine is a stronger base than ammonia. (3)
October 2024, Unit 6, Q4(b)(i) (2 marks): Explain why the temperature for Reaction 1 must be kept between 0 °C and 5 °C. (2)
October 2024, Unit 6, Q4(c) (1 mark): Azo dyes were developed during the nineteenth century but workers in the industry showed high rates of bladder cancer and the production of some dyes was discon
January 2024, Unit 5, Q6 (1 mark): The diagram shows the skeletal structure of theobromine, which has a bitter taste and is found in chocolate and tea leaves. O N N N O N Which of the functional
January 2024, Unit 5, Q14(b)(i) (1 mark): Identify, by name or formula, the reagent(s) required to convert nitrobenzene into phenylamine. (1)
January 2024, Unit 5, Q14(b)(ii) (1 mark): State the type of reaction occurring during this step. (1)
January 2024, Unit 5, Q14(c) (6 marks): In the final step of the synthesis, phenylamine reacts with either ethanoyl chloride or ethanoic anhydride. → N‑phenylethanamide + hydrogen chloride phenylamine
October 2023, Unit 5, Q12 (1 mark): Which of these is the weakest base? A ammonia B butylamine C ethylamine D phenylamine
October 2023, Unit 5, Q15(b) (1 mark): How is Step 2 carried out? (1) A Sn, concentrated HCl(aq) and NaOH(aq) are added together B Sn, dilute HCl(aq) and NaOH(aq) are added together C Sn and concent
October 2023, Unit 5, Q15(c) (1 mark): Step 3 takes place using sodium nitrite and dilute hydrochloric acid at 5°C. Which is the structure of Intermediate L? (1) + N Cl– N N Cl N A B + N Cl– N N Cl N
October 2023, Unit 5, Q15(d) (1 mark): The reactant in Step 4 is phenol. What condition is needed for this reaction? (1) A acidic B alkaline C ethanolic D neutral Use this space for any rough working
June 2023, Unit 5, Q17 (1 mark): Which reaction can form a secondary amine? N LiAlH4 A C2H5Br B C2H5NH2 C2H5Br C (C2H5)2NH O NaOH D NH Use this space for any rough working. Anything you write i
June 2023, Unit 5, Q18 (1 mark): Compound X reacts with excess nitrous acid, followed by coupling with excess phenol to form an azo dye. OCH3 H2N NH2 H3CO compound X What is the structure of th
June 2023, Unit 5, Q25(b)(i) (2 marks): Write an equation, using molecular formulae, for this reaction. State symbols are not required. (2)
June 2023, Unit 5, Q25(b)(ii) (2 marks): Explain by considering both nitrogen atoms in procaine which nitrogen is more likely to be protonated in the reaction with hydrochloric acid. (2) O N O H2N
June 2023, Unit 5, Q25(d)(iii) (1 mark): Give the reagents for Step 2. (1)
January 2023, Unit 5, Q15(a) (1 mark): What are the reagents and condition for Step 1? (1) A NaNO2 and HCl at 5 °C B NaNO3 and HCl at 5 °C C NaNO2 and HCl at 50 °C D NaNO3 and HCl at 50 °C
January 2023, Unit 5, Q15(b) (1 mark): Which reagent and condition are used for Step 2? (1) Reagent Condition OH A acidic OH B alkaline OH C acidic OH D alkaline Use this space for any rough working.
January 2023, Unit 5, Q16 (1 mark): The organic compound 4-aminophenol can behave as an acid and a base. HO NH2 What is formed when 4-aminophenol reacts with hydrochloric acid? A HO NH3 + B +H2O N
October 2022, Unit 5, Q12(a) (1 mark): What is the systematic name of isoleucine? (1) A 2‑amino‑3‑ethylbutanoic acid B 2‑amino‑3‑methylpentanoic acid C 3‑amino‑2‑ethylbutanoic acid D 3‑amino‑2‑methyl
October 2022, Unit 5, Q13 (1 mark): When dilute hydrochloric acid is added to butylamine and the solution is allowed to evaporate to dryness, a white solid forms. What is the formula of the white
October 2022, Unit 5, Q14 (1 mark): Amines may be prepared by the reduction of nitriles. Identify the nitrile and the reducing agent used to prepare butylamine. Nitrile Reducing agent A propanenit
October 2022, Unit 5, Q17 (1 mark): The structures of cocaine and its metabolite benzoylecgonine are shown. O O O OH N N O O O O cocaine benzoylecgonine How would you expect the solubility of coca
June 2022, Unit 5, Q8 (1 mark): Which ion is formed when a mixture of sodium nitrite, NaNO2 , and dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with phenylamine at a temperature of 5°C? H + A N H H + B N N
June 2022, Unit 5, Q12(d) (1 mark): Identify, by name or formula, the reagents needed for Step 4. (1)
January 2022, Unit 5, Q11(a) (1 mark): Deduce the classification of the labelled amine group. (1)
January 2022, Unit 5, Q11(b) (4 marks): The compound pyridine is used in the synthesis of chlorpheniramine. N pyridine Like many amines, pyridine is miscible with water and the solution formed is alka
January 2022, Unit 5, Q11(c) (4 marks): A student suggested that the final step in the synthesis of chlorpheniramine starts with the reaction between monodesmethylchlorpheniramine and chloromethane. A
January 2022, Unit 5, Q16(b)(ii) (1 mark): In Step 2, the 3‑nitrobenzoic acid reacts to form 3‑aminobenzoic acid. HO HO O O C C NO2 NH2 3‑nitrobenzoic acid 3‑aminobenzoic acid State the reagents required
January 2022, Unit 5, Q16(b)(iii) (2 marks): In Step 3, the 3‑aminobenzoic acid reacts with sodium nitrite and dilute hydrochloric acid, forming a diazonium ion. HO O HO O C C NaNO2 HCl(aq) + N N NH2 3‑ami
January 2022, Unit 5, Q16(b)(iv) (1 mark): Draw the structure of the azo dye formed when the diazonium ion reacts with phenol. (1)
January 2022, Unit 6, Q4(b)(i) (1 mark): This question is about the preparation of phenylamine by the reduction of nitrobenzene. NH2 NO2 + 6[H] → + 2H2O phenylamine nitrobenzene Outline procedure Step
January 2022, Unit 6, Q4(b)(ii) (1 mark): This question is about the preparation of phenylamine by the reduction of nitrobenzene. NH2 NO2 + 6[H] → + 2H2O phenylamine nitrobenzene Outline procedure Step
January 2022, Unit 6, Q4(c) (1 mark): This question is about the preparation of phenylamine by the reduction of nitrobenzene. NH2 NO2 + 6[H] → + 2H2O phenylamine nitrobenzene Outline procedure Step
October 2021, Unit 5, Q13 (1 mark): Which sequence shows these compounds in order of decreasing basicity? A C6H5NH2 > CH3CH2CH2NH2 > NH3 B NH3 > CH3CH2CH2NH2 > C6H5NH2 C CH3CH2CH2NH2 > NH3 > C6H5N
October 2021, Unit 5, Q14 (1 mark): Which amine could not be prepared by the reduction of a nitrile? A H2N B H2N C H2N D H2N Use this space for any rough working. Anything you write in this space
October 2021, Unit 5, Q21(d)(ii) (1 mark): Draw the structure of compound A. (1)
October 2021, Unit 5, Q21(d)(iii) (1 mark): State the reagents needed in Step Y. (1)
October 2021, Unit 5, Q21(d)(iv) (1 mark): Draw the structure of compound B. (1)
October 2021, Unit 5, Q21(d)(v) (2 marks): The temperature used in Steps Y and Z should be kept as close to 5 °C as possible. State why the temperature should be neither higher nor lower than 5 °C. (2)
October 2021, Unit 6, Q2(c)(i) (2 marks): Complete the statements in the observation and inference columns. (2) Test Observation Inference Test 3 2 drops of B were dissolved in 2 cm3 of water The colour
October 2021, Unit 6, Q2(c)(ii) (1 mark): B has a molar mass of 59 g mol−1. Suggest a structure for B. (1)
June 2021, Unit 4, Q10 (1 mark): Which reagent reacts at room temperature with methylamine, CH3NH2, to form the compound N-methylethanamide? A CH3COCH3 B CH3COOH C CH3COOCH3 D CH3COCl
June 2021, Unit 5, Q19(a)(i) (1 mark): Name the functional group present in X. (1)
January 2021, Unit 5, Q12 (1 mark): What is the name of the compound shown? O NH2 A 1-methylpropanamide B 3-methylpropanamide C 2-methylbutanamide D 3-methylbutanamide
January 2021, Unit 5, Q13 (1 mark): Separate 0.1 mol dm−3 aqueous solutions of ammonia, butylamine and phenylamine were prepared. Which of the following sequences shows the solutions in order of i
January 2021, Unit 5, Q24(a)(ii) (2 marks): Suggest why caffeine is a much weaker base than a primary amine such as ethylamine, even though the right-hand ring has two amine groups. (2)
January 2021, Unit 6, Q3(c)(i) (1 mark): Nitrous acid is formed in the reaction mixture using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid. State why nitrous acid is generated in the reaction mixture instead o
January 2021, Unit 6, Q3(c)(ii) (2 marks): Explain why the temperature of the reaction between phenylamine and nitrous acid must be neither lower than 0°C nor higher than 10°C. (2)
October 2020, Unit 5, Q8 (1 mark): What is an organic product of the reaction between ethylamine and chloroethane? A NH2CH2COCl B C2H5NH4 +Cl− C C2H5NHCOC2H5 D (C2H5)2NH2 +Cl−
October 2020, Unit 5, Q22(a)(ii) (1 mark): Give the reagents for Step 2. (1)
October 2020, Unit 5, Q22(b)(i) (3 marks): Explain why phenylamine is a weaker base than ammonia. (3)
October 2020, Unit 5, Q22(b)(ii) (1 mark): State what is seen when a few drops of an aqueous solution of phenylamine are added to an aqueous solution containing Cu2+ ions. (1)
October 2020, Unit 5, Q22(c)(i) (2 marks): Give the reagents and condition for Step 1. (2)
October 2020, Unit 5, Q22(c)(ii) (1 mark): Deduce the structure of the organic compound needed to produce azo violet in Step 2. (1)

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