Neutralisation and making salts: Edexcel GCSE Combined Science questions

Every Edexcel GCSE Combined Science exam question on Neutralisation and making salts (specification points 3.9–3.21), 2018–2025, with its mark scheme and examiner’s report.

All 103 questions on Neutralisation and making salts, as a list

June 2025, Chemistry Paper 1 Higher, Q2(a)(i) (2 marks): Complete the equation for this reaction, including the missing state symbol. (2) AgNO3(aq) + KCl( ) → AgCl(s) + (aq)
June 2025, Chemistry Paper 1 Higher, Q2(a)(ii) (1 mark): Give the name of the white precipitate that forms. (1)
June 2025, Chemistry Paper 1 Higher, Q2(a)(iii) (3 marks): State and explain how the white precipitate can be separated from the reaction mixture. (3)
June 2025, Chemistry Paper 1 Higher, Q4(a)(i) (1 mark): Which apparatus should be used to heat the malachite and test for carbon dioxide? (1) limewater A malachite heat limewater B malachite heat limewater C malachit
June 2025, Chemistry Paper 1 Higher, Q4(a)(ii) (1 mark): When carbon dioxide is bubbled through limewater, a precipitate forms. This precipitate solid makes the limewater cloudy. Name the precipitate that makes the li
June 2025, Chemistry Paper 1 Higher, Q5(a) (1 mark): A student adds magnesium sulfate to water to form a solution. Which of these will also form a solution when added to water? (1) A barium sulfate B calcium sulfa
June 2025, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q1(a) (1 mark): What is the name of the piece of apparatus labelled G in Figure 1? (1) A testing tube B heating tube C delivery tube D boiling tube
June 2025, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q1(b) (1 mark): State what apparatus should be used to heat the zinc carbonate in Figure 1. (1)
June 2025, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q1(c) (1 mark): The word equation for the reaction that occurs when zinc carbonate is heated is zinc carbonate → zinc oxide + carbon dioxide The carbon dioxide bubbles through
June 2025, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q3(b)(ii) (1 mark): The bubbles that form are hydrogen. Which row of the table shows the test and result that confirm the gas is hydrogen? (1) test result A put a glowing splint in
June 2025, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q6(a)(i) (2 marks): Complete the equation for this reaction, including the missing state symbol. (2) AgNO3(aq) + KCl( ) → AgCl(s) + (aq)
June 2025, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q6(a)(ii) (1 mark): Give the name of the white precipitate that forms. (1)
June 2025, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q6(c)(i) (1 mark): What are the meanings of these two symbols? (1) A flammable and toxic B harmful and dangerous to the environment C toxic and dangerous to the environment D toxi
June 2025, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q6(c)(ii) (1 mark): State a safety step that should be taken when using the unknown solution. (1)
June 2024, Chemistry Paper 1 Higher, Q1(a)(i) (1 mark): Complete the balanced equation for the reaction by adding a number in front of HCl(aq). (1) Ba(OH)2(s) + HCl(aq) → BaCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l)
June 2024, Chemistry Paper 1 Higher, Q1(a)(ii) (1 mark): State what you would see during the reaction. (1)
June 2024, Chemistry Paper 1 Higher, Q1(b)(ii) (2 marks): Explain why, in step 3, the mixture was stirred after adding the barium hydroxide. (2)
June 2024, Chemistry Paper 1 Higher, Q1(b)(iii) (3 marks): Figure 1 shows the student’s results. number of spatula measures pH of mixture of barium hydroxide 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 3 5 8 6 12 7 13 8 13 Figure 1 Plot a graph
June 2024, Chemistry Paper 1 Higher, Q1(b)(iv) (1 mark): Use the graph to find the pH of the mixture when 4.5 spatula measures of barium hydroxide are added. (1) pH of the mixture =
June 2024, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q4(b) (4 marks): Sodium hydroxide solution and copper sulfate solution were reacted together completely. The result was a mixture of a precipitate of copper hydroxide in a solut
June 2024, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q5(a)(i) (1 mark): Complete the balanced equation for the reaction by adding a number in front of HCl(aq). (1) Ba(OH)2(s) + HCl(aq) → BaCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l)
June 2024, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q5(a)(ii) (1 mark): State what you would see during the reaction. (1)
June 2024, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q5(b)(ii) (2 marks): Explain why, in step 3, the mixture was stirred after adding the barium hydroxide. (2)
June 2024, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q5(b)(iii) (3 marks): Figure 7 shows the student’s results. number of spatula measures pH of mixture of barium hydroxide 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 3 5 8 6 12 7 13 8 13 Figure 7 Plot a graph
June 2024, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q5(b)(iv) (1 mark): Use the graph to find the pH of the mixture when 4.5 spatula measures of barium hydroxide are added. (1) pH of the mixture =
June 2024, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q5(c) (1 mark): Figure 8 shows a hazard symbol on the container of barium hydroxide. Figure 8 What is the meaning of the hazard symbol in Figure 8? (1) A corrosive B health haz
June 2024, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q5(d) (1 mark): The barium hydroxide was measured in spatulas. State one way that the measuring of the barium hydroxide could be improved. (1)
June 2024, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q6(c) (6 marks): A student has three solids, A, B and C. The solids are sodium carbonate, powdered zinc and copper oxide, but the student does not know which solid is which. The
June 2024, Chemistry Paper 2 Foundation, Q3(c) (3 marks): When some impure hydrocarbon fuels are burned, sulfur dioxide is one of the products. Some sulfur dioxide gas is dissolved in water to form solution W. When sol
June 2024, Chemistry Paper 2 Foundation, Q4(b)(ii) (1 mark): Hydrogen bromide dissolves in water to form a solution. This solution of hydrogen bromide reacts with alkalis. State the type of reaction that occurs when a sol
June 2023, Chemistry Paper 1 Higher, Q1(a) (1 mark): State what should be done after step 2 to make sure that any reaction is complete. (1)
June 2023, Chemistry Paper 1 Higher, Q1(b) (2 marks): Complete the word equation for the reaction. (2) calcium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid →
June 2023, Chemistry Paper 1 Higher, Q1(c) (1 mark): Which row of the table shows the state symbols for powdered calcium hydroxide and dilute hydrochloric acid in the balanced chemical equation? (1) calcium hydrox
June 2023, Chemistry Paper 1 Higher, Q1(d)(ii) (1 mark): Using Figure 1, give the mass of calcium hydroxide required to make a neutral mixture. (1) mass of calcium hydroxide = g
June 2023, Chemistry Paper 1 Higher, Q2(b)(ii) (2 marks): When metals react with acids, hydrogen gas is produced. Describe the test to show that the gas is hydrogen. (2)
June 2023, Chemistry Paper 1 Higher, Q2(b)(iii) (2 marks): When magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid, magnesium chloride and hydrogen are formed. Complete the balanced equation for the reaction. (2) Mg + HCl → MgCl2
June 2023, Chemistry Paper 1 Higher, Q5(a) (1 mark): Name the other product of this reaction. (1)
June 2023, Chemistry Paper 1 Higher, Q5(b) (3 marks): During the experiment, a spatula measure of copper oxide, a black powder, is added to warm, dilute sulfuric acid in a beaker. When the mixture is stirred, the b
June 2023, Chemistry Paper 1 Higher, Q5(c) (1 mark): The reaction produces an aqueous solution of copper sulfate. What is the best way to obtain crystals of copper sulfate from an aqueous solution? (1) A pour the
June 2023, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q3(a)(i) (1 mark): Complete the word equation for this reaction. (1) lead nitrate + → + lead chloride
June 2023, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q3(a)(ii) (1 mark): Lead nitrate is toxic. Which hazard symbol should be on a container of lead nitrate? (1) A B C D
June 2023, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q3(b)(i) (1 mark): Give the name of the piece of apparatus the student should use to find the volume of the potassium carbonate solution. (1)
June 2023, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q3(b)(ii) (2 marks): The student repeated the experiment. The results are shown in Figure 5. height of precipitate experiment in cm 1 2.4 2 2.7 3 2.4 Figure 5 Use the data in Figure
June 2023, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q3(b)(iii) (3 marks): Describe how a pure, dry sample of the precipitate could be obtained from the mixture in the test tube. (3)
June 2023, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q3(b)(iv) (1 mark): The student investigated whether increasing the volume of calcium nitrate solution increased the height of the precipitate formed. They repeated the experiment
June 2023, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q5(a) (1 mark): State what should be done after step 2 to make sure that any reaction is complete. (1)
June 2023, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q5(b) (2 marks): Complete the word equation for the reaction. (2) calcium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid →
June 2023, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q5(c) (1 mark): Which row of the table shows the state symbols for powdered calcium hydroxide and dilute hydrochloric acid in the balanced chemical equation? (1) calcium hydrox
June 2023, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q5(d)(ii) (1 mark): Using Figure 7, give the mass of calcium hydroxide required to make a neutral mixture. (1) mass of calcium hydroxide = g
June 2023, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q5(f) (1 mark): The calcium hydroxide used is corrosive to the eyes and an irritant to skin. Using this information, state one safety precaution that should be taken during the
June 2023, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q6(b)(ii) (2 marks): When metals react with acids, hydrogen gas is produced. Describe the test to show that the gas is hydrogen. (2)
June 2023, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q6(b)(iii) (2 marks): When magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid, magnesium chloride and hydrogen are formed. Complete the balanced equation for the reaction. (2) Mg + HCl → MgCl2
June 2022, Chemistry Paper 1 Higher, Q1(a) (1 mark): The equation for the reaction is Ba(OH)2(s) + 2HCl(aq) → BaCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l) Which row of the table shows the correct state of each of the substances in the equ
June 2022, Chemistry Paper 1 Higher, Q1(b)(i) (1 mark): Name a piece of equipment which could be used to measure out 50.0 cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid more accurately than the measuring cylinder. (1)
June 2022, Chemistry Paper 1 Higher, Q1(b)(iv) (3 marks): Figure 1 shows the student’s results. mass of barium hydroxide in g pH of mixture 0.0 1 0.2 1 0.4 1 0.6 1 0.8 2 1.0 7 1.2 12 1.4 13 1.6 13 Figure 1 On the grid
June 2022, Chemistry Paper 1 Higher, Q2(c) (1 mark): Magnesium carbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid. Water and carbon dioxide are two of the products of the reaction. Complete the balanced equation for t
June 2022, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q4(b)(i) (1 mark): State what would be seen in the reaction. (1)
June 2022, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q4(b)(iii) (3 marks): Describe how to obtain a pure, dry sample of the precipitate of copper hydroxide from the reaction mixture. (3)
June 2022, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q5(a) (1 mark): The equation for the reaction is Ba(OH)2(s) + 2HCl(aq) → BaCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l) Which row of the table shows the correct state of each of the substances in the equ
June 2022, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q5(b)(i) (1 mark): Name a piece of equipment which could be used to measure out 50.0 cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid more accurately than the measuring cylinder. (1)
June 2022, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q5(b)(iv) (3 marks): Figure 8 shows the student’s results. mass of barium hydroxide in g pH of mixture 0.0 1 0.2 1 0.4 1 0.6 1 0.8 2 1.0 7 1.2 12 1.4 13 1.6 13 Figure 8 On the grid
June 2022, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q5(c)(i) (1 mark): What is the meaning of the hazard symbol in Figure 9? (1) A flammable B health hazard C oxidising D toxic
June 2022, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q5(c)(ii) (1 mark): Barium hydroxide is also corrosive. Give one precaution that the student should take when using barium hydroxide. (1)
June 2022, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q6(c) (6 marks): A student has two separate test tubes containing sulfuric acid. The student adds a spatula measure of magnesium carbonate, MgCO3, to the first test tube and a p
November 2021, Chemistry Paper 1 Higher, Q1(c)(iii) (1 mark): An acid reacts with an alkali. Give the name of this type of reaction. (1)
November 2021, Chemistry Paper 1 Higher, Q4(a)(i) (1 mark): During the reaction the copper carbonate powder completely disappears. State what can be deduced about the amount of acid used. (1)
November 2021, Chemistry Paper 1 Higher, Q4(b) (2 marks): Using different reactants, a solution of copper sulfate was prepared. Describe what should be done to obtain copper sulfate crystals from this copper sulfate so
November 2021, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q2(b)(ii) (1 mark): Hydrogen is given off when magnesium reacts with acid. The hydrogen is tested by collecting the gas in a test tube and igniting it. What is the safest way to ig
November 2021, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q2(b)(iii) (1 mark): State the observation made in this test that shows that the gas is hydrogen. (1)
November 2021, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q4(a)(i) (1 mark): Give a safety precaution that should be taken during the experiment. (1)
November 2021, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q4(a)(ii) (1 mark): Give an improvement to step 4 that would produce more accurate results. (1)
November 2021, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q5(c)(iii) (1 mark): An acid reacts with an alkali. Give the name of this type of reaction. (1)
November 2021, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q5(c)(iv) (2 marks): Describe what you would see when some copper carbonate powder is added to a beaker of dilute sulfuric acid. (2)
November 2021, Chemistry Paper 2 Higher, Q3(c)(i) (2 marks): Describe the test to show that a gas is oxygen. (2)
November 2020, Chemistry Paper 1 Higher, Q2(a)(i) (2 marks): Complete the balanced equation for this reaction. (2) CuCO3 + → + CO2 + H2O
November 2020, Chemistry Paper 1 Higher, Q2(a)(iii) (1 mark): What is the chemical test to show that a gas is carbon dioxide? (1) A bubble the gas through limewater, limewater turns cloudy B put damp blue litmus paper in t
November 2020, Chemistry Paper 1 Higher, Q2(b) (2 marks): Figure 2 shows a conical flask containing dilute sulfuric acid. Copper carbonate is added to the acid in the flask. The copper carbonate is added one spatula me
November 2020, Chemistry Paper 1 Higher, Q6(b) (3 marks): Magnesium oxide reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce magnesium chloride solution and water. MgO(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2(aq) + H2O(l) Write the ionic eq
November 2020, Chemistry Paper 1 Higher, Q6(c)(ii) (4 marks): State and explain how the pH changes as the magnesium hydroxide is added to the dilute hydrochloric acid. (4)
November 2020, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q1(b)(i) (2 marks): Write the word equation for this reaction. (2) →
November 2020, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q3(b)(i) (1 mark): State the name of the salt formed. (1)
November 2020, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q3(b)(ii) (1 mark): In this reaction aluminium oxide is a base. State the type of reaction that takes place when an acid reacts with a base. (1)
November 2020, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q6(a)(i) (2 marks): Complete the balanced equation for this reaction. (2) CuCO3 + → + CO2 + H2O
November 2020, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q6(a)(iii) (1 mark): What is the chemical test to show that a gas is carbon dioxide? (1) A bubble the gas through limewater, limewater turns cloudy B put damp blue litmus paper in t
November 2020, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q6(b)(i) (2 marks): State two observations that would show the reaction has finished. (2) 1 2
November 2020, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q6(b)(ii) (6 marks): Describe how you would obtain a solution of copper sulfate from the mixture and how you would obtain pure, dry copper sulfate crystals from this solution. Your
November 2020, Chemistry Paper 2 Foundation, Q2(a)(i) (2 marks): Solutions of potassium iodide and lead nitrate were mixed together. Lead iodide and potassium nitrate were formed. Complete the word equation. (2) + → +
June 2019, Chemistry Paper 1 Higher, Q6(b)(i) (2 marks): State how you could change the method so that the amounts of dilute hydrochloric acid and of the base can be measured more accurately. (2) dilute hydrochloric a
June 2019, Chemistry Paper 1 Higher, Q6(c) (6 marks): Some properties of four solids, A, B, C and D, are shown in Figure 3. The solids, in no particular order, are copper carbonate, copper oxide, magnesium metal an
June 2019, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q3(a)(iv) (2 marks): The magnesium reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to form magnesium chloride solution and hydrogen gas. The equation for the reaction is Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) o MgC
June 2019, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q3(b)(i) (1 mark): Potassium sulfate contains potassium ions, K+, and sulfate ions, SO4 2−. Write the formula of potassium sulfate. (1)
June 2019, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q3(b)(ii) (2 marks): Equal volumes of a solution of potassium carbonate were reacted separately with an excess of dilute sulfuric acid solution. Pure dry samples of potassium sulfat
June 2019, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q6(a)(i) (1 mark): A sample of hydrogen is mixed with air and ignited. State what would happen. (1)
June 2018, Chemistry Paper 1 Higher, Q1(a)(i) (2 marks): Describe the test to show the gas is hydrogen. (2)
June 2018, Chemistry Paper 1 Higher, Q1(c) (3 marks): Excess solid nickel carbonate is added to dilute sulfuric acid in a beaker. nickel sulfuric nickel carbon o + + + water carbonate acid sulfate dioxide Nickel su
June 2018, Chemistry Paper 1 Higher, Q6(c) (2 marks): Acid solutions contain hydrogen ions. Aluminium reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to form a solution containing 3+. aluminium ions, Al Complete the balanced
June 2018, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q2(c)(ii) (2 marks): Describe the test to show that a gas is carbon dioxide. (2)
June 2018, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q3(a) (1 mark): The hazard symbol shown in Figure 2 is on bottles containing barium metal. Figure 2 State the meaning of this hazard symbol. (1)
June 2018, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q3(c) (2 marks): Barium chloride is toxic. Explain one safety precaution that should be taken when using barium chloride. (2)
June 2018, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q3(d)(ii) (1 mark): Give the name of the white precipitate formed by the reaction of barium chloride solution with dilute sulfuric acid. (1)
June 2018, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q5(b) (1 mark): Acids are used to make salts. Give the name of the acid used to make chlorides. (1)
June 2018, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q5(c)(i) (2 marks): Describe the test to show that the gas is hydrogen. (2)
June 2018, Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation, Q5(e) (3 marks): Excess solid nickel carbonate is added to dilute sulfuric acid in a beaker. nickel sulfuric nickel carbon + → + + water carbonate acid sulfate dioxide Nickel su

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