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Internal energy and energy transfers: AQA GCSE Combined Science questions

Every AQA GCSE Combined Science exam question on 6.3.2 Internal energy and energy transfers, 2018–2025, with its mark scheme and examiner’s report.

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3,069 questions

  1. Q04.5

    June 2025 · Physics Paper 1 Foundation

    3 marks6.3.2 Internal energy and energy transfers
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2025 Physics Paper 1 Foundation, question 04.5: The kettle is designed to switch off when the water reaches boiling point. Before the kettle switches off, 0.0080 kg of water changes state. The energy transfer

  2. Q02.6

    June 2025 · Physics Paper 2 Foundation

    1 mark6.6.2 Electromagnetic waves6.3.2 Internal energy and energy transfers
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2025 Physics Paper 2 Foundation, question 02.6: In the visible spectrum, orange light is between red light and yellow light. Estimate the rate of change of temperature if orange food colouring was used. Use T

  3. Q06.2

    June 2024 · Physics Paper 1 Higher

    4 marks6.1.1 Energy changes in a system, and the ways energy is stored before and after such changes6.3.2 Internal energy and energy transfers
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 Physics Paper 1 Higher, question 06.2: Explain how the motion of the particles in warmer air causes an increase in the power transferred to the turbine. [4 marks]

  4. Q06.3

    June 2024 · Physics Paper 1 Higher

    6 marks6.3.1 Changes of state and the particle model6.3.2 Internal energy and energy transfers
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 Physics Paper 1 Higher, question 06.3: The volume of the storage tank is 5.0 × 105 m3. The density of the compressed air is 48 kg/m3. specific heat capacity of air = 1100 J/kg °C The temperature of t

  5. Q02.2

    June 2024 · Physics Paper 1 Foundation

    2 marks6.3.2 Internal energy and energy transfers6.1.1 Energy changes in a system, and the ways energy is stored before and after such changes
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2024 Physics Paper 1 Foundation, question 02.2: 15 kg of seawater is heated before it is added to the pool. specific heat capacity of seawater = 3800 J/kg °C Calculate the change in thermal energy of 15 kg of

  6. Q06.3

    June 2023 · Physics Paper 1 Higher

    1 mark6.1.1 Energy changes in a system, and the ways energy is stored before and after such changes6.3.2 Internal energy and energy transfers
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2023 Physics Paper 1 Higher, question 06.3: The mass of air in the chamber is constant. What property of air allows a small change in internal energy to cause a large temperature change to the air in the

  7. Q06.5

    June 2023 · Physics Paper 1 Higher

    6 marks6.3.2 Internal energy and energy transfers
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2023 Physics Paper 1 Higher, question 06.5: The temperature of the coffee decreases as the device is used. The initial temperature of the coffee was 76 °C. The internal energy of the coffee decreased by 1

  8. Q03.1

    June 2023 · Physics Paper 1 Foundation

    2 marks6.1.1 Energy changes in a system, and the ways energy is stored before and after such changes6.3.2 Internal energy and energy transfers
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2023 Physics Paper 1 Foundation, question 03.1: Calculate the change in thermal energy when the temperature of the piece of steel is increased by 50 °C. mass of steel = 4.0 kg specific heat capacity of steel

  9. Q03.2

    June 2023 · Physics Paper 1 Foundation

    1 mark6.3.2 Internal energy and energy transfers
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2023 Physics Paper 1 Foundation, question 03.2: The internal energy of the steel increases as the steel is heated. What is meant by ‘internal energy of the steel’? [1 mark] Tick () one box. The change in ene

  10. Q03.9

    June 2023 · Physics Paper 1 Foundation

    3 marks6.3.2 Internal energy and energy transfers
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2023 Physics Paper 1 Foundation, question 03.9: The 4.0 kg piece of solid steel was heated until it reached its melting point. The additional energy required to melt the piece of steel was 280 000 J. Calculat

  11. Q02.1

    June 2022 · Physics Paper 1 Higher

    6 marks6.1.1 Energy changes in a system, and the ways energy is stored before and after such changes6.3.2 Internal energy and energy transfers
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2022 Physics Paper 1 Higher, question 02.1: Describe how the student could use the equipment shown in Figure 2 to determine the specific heat capacity of vegetable oil. [6 marks]

  12. Q02.4

    June 2022 · Physics Paper 1 Foundation

    2 marks6.1.1 Energy changes in a system, and the ways energy is stored before and after such changes6.3.2 Internal energy and energy transfers
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2022 Physics Paper 1 Foundation, question 02.4: Complete the sentences. Choose answers from the box. [2 marks] chemical elastic potential gravitational potential internal kinetic

  13. Q04.5

    June 2022 · Physics Paper 1 Foundation

    2 marks6.3.2 Internal energy and energy transfers
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2022 Physics Paper 1 Foundation, question 04.5: During the investigation 0.0150 kg of the ice melted. The temperature of the water and ice did not change. specific latent heat of fusion of ice = 334 000 J/kg

  14. Q06.1

    June 2022 · Physics Paper 1 Foundation

    6 marks6.1.1 Energy changes in a system, and the ways energy is stored before and after such changes6.3.2 Internal energy and energy transfers
    The whole paper ↗
    June 2022 Physics Paper 1 Foundation, question 06.1: Describe how the student could use the equipment shown in Figure 10 to determine the specific heat capacity of vegetable oil. [6 marks]

  15. Q06.1

    November 2021 · Physics Paper 1 Higher

    2 marks6.3.2 Internal energy and energy transfers
    The whole paper ↗
    November 2021 Physics Paper 1 Higher, question 06.1: Explain what happens to the internal energy of the coolant as its temperature increases. [2 marks]

  16. Q06.2

    November 2021 · Physics Paper 1 Higher

    1 mark6.3.2 Internal energy and energy transfers
    The whole paper ↗
    November 2021 Physics Paper 1 Higher, question 06.2: What name is given to the energy needed to change the state of the liquid coolant? [1 mark]

  17. Q04.6

    November 2021 · Physics Paper 1 Foundation

    1 mark6.1.1 Energy changes in a system, and the ways energy is stored before and after such changes6.3.2 Internal energy and energy transfers
    The whole paper ↗
    November 2021 Physics Paper 1 Foundation, question 04.6: Water has a high specific heat capacity. What is meant by the specific heat capacity of water? [1 mark] Tick () one box. The energy required to change the stat

  18. Q04.7

    November 2021 · Physics Paper 1 Foundation

    3 marks6.1.1 Energy changes in a system, and the ways energy is stored before and after such changes6.3.2 Internal energy and energy transfers
    The whole paper ↗
    November 2021 Physics Paper 1 Foundation, question 04.7: The water tank contained 80 kg of water. The change in thermal energy of the water was 8 400 000 J. specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J/kg °C Calculate the

  19. Q05.2

    November 2020 · Physics Paper 1 Higher

    1 mark6.3.2 Internal energy and energy transfers
    The whole paper ↗
    November 2020 Physics Paper 1 Higher, question 05.2: How do the kinetic energy and the potential energy of the particles change as a liquid is cooled and frozen? [1 mark] Tick () one box. Kinetic energy Potential

  20. Q05.4

    November 2020 · Physics Paper 1 Higher

    2 marks6.3.2 Internal energy and energy transfers
    The whole paper ↗
    November 2020 Physics Paper 1 Higher, question 05.4: The liquid coolant has a freezing point below –20 °C Explain one other property that the liquid coolant should have. [2 marks]
All 34 questions on Internal energy and energy transfers, as a list
  1. June 2025, Physics Paper 1 Foundation, Q04.5 (3 marks): The kettle is designed to switch off when the water reaches boiling point. Before the kettle switches off, 0.0080 kg of water changes state. The energy transfer
  2. June 2025, Physics Paper 2 Foundation, Q02.6 (1 mark): In the visible spectrum, orange light is between red light and yellow light. Estimate the rate of change of temperature if orange food colouring was used. Use T
  3. June 2024, Physics Paper 1 Higher, Q06.2 (4 marks): Explain how the motion of the particles in warmer air causes an increase in the power transferred to the turbine. [4 marks]
  4. June 2024, Physics Paper 1 Higher, Q06.3 (6 marks): The volume of the storage tank is 5.0 × 105 m3. The density of the compressed air is 48 kg/m3. specific heat capacity of air = 1100 J/kg °C The temperature of t
  5. June 2024, Physics Paper 1 Foundation, Q02.2 (2 marks): 15 kg of seawater is heated before it is added to the pool. specific heat capacity of seawater = 3800 J/kg °C Calculate the change in thermal energy of 15 kg of
  6. June 2023, Physics Paper 1 Higher, Q06.3 (1 mark): The mass of air in the chamber is constant. What property of air allows a small change in internal energy to cause a large temperature change to the air in the
  7. June 2023, Physics Paper 1 Higher, Q06.5 (6 marks): The temperature of the coffee decreases as the device is used. The initial temperature of the coffee was 76 °C. The internal energy of the coffee decreased by 1
  8. June 2023, Physics Paper 1 Foundation, Q03.1 (2 marks): Calculate the change in thermal energy when the temperature of the piece of steel is increased by 50 °C. mass of steel = 4.0 kg specific heat capacity of steel
  9. June 2023, Physics Paper 1 Foundation, Q03.2 (1 mark): The internal energy of the steel increases as the steel is heated. What is meant by ‘internal energy of the steel’? [1 mark] Tick () one box. The change in ene
  10. June 2023, Physics Paper 1 Foundation, Q03.9 (3 marks): The 4.0 kg piece of solid steel was heated until it reached its melting point. The additional energy required to melt the piece of steel was 280 000 J. Calculat
  11. June 2022, Physics Paper 1 Higher, Q02.1 (6 marks): Describe how the student could use the equipment shown in Figure 2 to determine the specific heat capacity of vegetable oil. [6 marks]
  12. June 2022, Physics Paper 1 Foundation, Q02.4 (2 marks): Complete the sentences. Choose answers from the box. [2 marks] chemical elastic potential gravitational potential internal kinetic
  13. June 2022, Physics Paper 1 Foundation, Q04.5 (2 marks): During the investigation 0.0150 kg of the ice melted. The temperature of the water and ice did not change. specific latent heat of fusion of ice = 334 000 J/kg
  14. June 2022, Physics Paper 1 Foundation, Q06.1 (6 marks): Describe how the student could use the equipment shown in Figure 10 to determine the specific heat capacity of vegetable oil. [6 marks]
  15. November 2021, Physics Paper 1 Higher, Q06.1 (2 marks): Explain what happens to the internal energy of the coolant as its temperature increases. [2 marks]
  16. November 2021, Physics Paper 1 Higher, Q06.2 (1 mark): What name is given to the energy needed to change the state of the liquid coolant? [1 mark]
  17. November 2021, Physics Paper 1 Foundation, Q04.6 (1 mark): Water has a high specific heat capacity. What is meant by the specific heat capacity of water? [1 mark] Tick () one box. The energy required to change the stat
  18. November 2021, Physics Paper 1 Foundation, Q04.7 (3 marks): The water tank contained 80 kg of water. The change in thermal energy of the water was 8 400 000 J. specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J/kg °C Calculate the
  19. November 2020, Physics Paper 1 Higher, Q05.2 (1 mark): How do the kinetic energy and the potential energy of the particles change as a liquid is cooled and frozen? [1 mark] Tick () one box. Kinetic energy Potential
  20. November 2020, Physics Paper 1 Higher, Q05.4 (2 marks): The liquid coolant has a freezing point below –20 °C Explain one other property that the liquid coolant should have. [2 marks]
  21. November 2020, Physics Paper 1 Higher, Q05.5 (6 marks): The initial temperature of the mixture was +20 °C. The mixture froze at –1.5 °C. A total of 165 kJ of internal energy was transferred from the mixture to cool a
  22. November 2020, Physics Paper 1 Foundation, Q04.2 (1 mark): Which thermometer could be used to measure the temperature of the liquid nitrogen? [1 mark] Tick () one box.
  23. November 2020, Physics Paper 1 Foundation, Q04.3 (1 mark): The scientist wore special insulating gloves when putting the balloon into the liquid nitrogen. Suggest why. [1 mark]
  24. November 2020, Physics Paper 1 Foundation, Q04.4 (2 marks): When the balloon was put into liquid nitrogen the temperature of the air in the balloon decreased. Complete the sentences. Choose answers from the box. Each ans
  25. November 2020, Physics Paper 1 Foundation, Q04.5 (3 marks): The air in the balloon had a mass of 0.00320 kg The temperature of the air in the balloon decreased by 215 °C The change in thermal energy of the air in the bal
  26. November 2020, Physics Paper 1 Foundation, Q04.6 (1 mark): The liquid nitrogen boiled. What happens to the temperature of nitrogen as it boils? [1 mark] Tick () one box. Temperature decreases Temperature increases Temp
  27. November 2020, Physics Paper 1 Foundation, Q04.7 (1 mark): What is meant by vaporisation? [1 mark] Tick () one box. A change of state from liquid to gas A change of state from solid to gas A change of state from solid
  28. November 2020, Physics Paper 1 Foundation, Q04.8 (3 marks): The mass of nitrogen that vaporised was 0.0072 kg 1440 J of energy was transferred to the nitrogen as it vaporised. Calculate the specific latent heat of vapori
  29. June 2019, Physics Paper 1 Higher, Q02.2 (3 marks): The air contained water that froze at 0 °C The change in internal energy of the water as it froze was 0.70 kJ The specific latent heat of fusion of water is 330
  30. June 2019, Physics Paper 1 Higher, Q05.5 (6 marks): The power of the kettle was 2.6 kW The kettle took 120 seconds to heat 0.80 kg of water from 18 °C to 100 °C Calculate the specific heat capacity of water using
  31. June 2019, Physics Paper 1 Foundation, Q03.4 (1 mark): What is the melting point of the gold? [1 mark] Melting point = °C
  32. June 2019, Physics Paper 1 Foundation, Q03.5 (1 mark): How many minutes did it take for all of the gold in the sample to change from solid to liquid? [1 mark] Time taken = minutes
  33. June 2019, Physics Paper 1 Foundation, Q03.6 (1 mark): What does the gradient of the graph in Figure 5 represent? [1 mark] Tick () one box. The internal energy of the gold The rate of change of temperature of the g
  34. June 2019, Physics Paper 1 Foundation, Q07.2 (3 marks): The air contained water that froze at 0 °C The change in internal energy of the water as it froze was 0.70 kJ The specific latent heat of fusion of water is 330

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