Current electricity: AQA A‑Level Physics questions

Every AQA A-Level Physics exam question on 3.5.1 Current electricity, 2016–2025, with its mark scheme and examiner’s report.

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Q05.1
June 2025 · Paper 1
1 mark3.5.1 Current electricity
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Q05.2
June 2025 · Paper 1
2 marks3.5.1 Current electricity
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Q05.3
June 2025 · Paper 1
3 marks3.5.1 Current electricity
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Q08.2
June 2025 · Paper 1
1 mark3.5.1 Current electricity
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Q16
June 2025 · Paper 1
1 mark3.5.1 Current electricity
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Q26
June 2025 · Paper 1
1 mark3.5.1 Current electricity
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Q28
June 2025 · Paper 1
1 mark3.5.1 Current electricity
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Q29
June 2025 · Paper 1
1 mark3.5.1 Current electricity
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Q03.1
June 2025 · Paper 3A
3 marks3.5.1 Current electricity
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Q03.2
June 2025 · Paper 3A
2 marks3.5.1 Current electricity
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Q03.3
June 2025 · Paper 3A
3 marks3.5.1 Current electricity
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Q03.4
June 2025 · Paper 3A
5 marks3.5.1 Current electricity
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Q06.1
June 2025 · AS Paper 1
6 marks3.5.1 Current electricity
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Q06.2
June 2025 · AS Paper 1
3 marks3.5.1 Current electricity
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Q03.1
June 2025 · AS Paper 2
2 marks3.5.1 Current electricity
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Q03.2
June 2025 · AS Paper 2
2 marks3.5.1 Current electricity
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Q03.3
June 2025 · AS Paper 2
2 marks3.5.1 Current electricity
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Q03.4
June 2025 · AS Paper 2
4 marks3.5.1 Current electricity
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Q07
June 2025 · AS Paper 2
1 mark3.5.1 Current electricity
Mark scheme (PDF)
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Q18
June 2025 · AS Paper 2
1 mark3.5.1 Current electricity
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All 255 questions on Current electricity, as a list

June 2025, Paper 1, Q05.1 (1 mark): Calculate the terminal potential difference of the cell at its maximum current. [1 mark] terminal potential difference = V
June 2025, Paper 1, Q05.2 (2 marks): Figure 6 shows an array of 20 of these cells connected to form a module. Figure 6 Calculate the internal resistance of the module shown in Figure 6. [2 marks] i
June 2025, Paper 1, Q05.3 (3 marks): Figure 7 shows the battery for an electric vehicle. This battery has an emf of 352 V and gives a maximum current of 500 A. The battery consists of a series of i
June 2025, Paper 1, Q08.2 (1 mark): Explain why the average speed of the electrons in the tube is much less than the maximum speed you calculated in Question 08.1. [1 mark]
June 2025, Paper 1, Q16 (1 mark): The graph shows the I–V characteristic for a semiconductor diode. Which is true for this graph? [1 mark] A The resistance of the diode decreases as V increases
June 2025, Paper 1, Q26 (1 mark): Two thin metal rods W1 and W2, each of length L and diameter d, are connected in series. The resistivity of W1 is ρ1 and the resistivity of W2 is ρ2. A single m
June 2025, Paper 1, Q28 (1 mark): In a circuit, the resistance of resistor R1 is double the resistance of resistor R2. The internal resistance of the battery is negligible. When the switch is op
June 2025, Paper 1, Q29 (1 mark): The diagram shows part of a circuit. The graph shows how the two currents I1 and I2 vary with time. What is the total charge that flows through point P in 60 s?
June 2025, Paper 3A, Q03.1 (3 marks): Determine α using the graph in Figure 6. State an appropriate SI unit for your answer. R0 = 2.83 Ω when T0 = 291 K [3 marks] α = unit =
June 2025, Paper 3A, Q03.2 (2 marks): Explain how the ammeter and voltmeter readings are used to determine values of P and T. [2 marks] P T DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED Fo
June 2025, Paper 3A, Q03.3 (3 marks): Complete Table 2. [3 marks] Table 2 T / K P / W P1 / W P2 / W 960 3.7 1.2 2.5 1100 2.0 3.0 1370 1680 16.2 11.0
June 2025, Paper 3A, Q03.4 (5 marks): It can be shown that P1∝T n where n is an integer. Determine n. In your answer you should: • use Table 3 to organise the data you will plot • plot a suitable gr
June 2025, AS Paper 1, Q06.1 (6 marks): Discuss, for the range 0 to 9 mA, the characteristic of T shown by Figure 9. In your answer you should: • describe how to produce a characteristic experimentall
June 2025, AS Paper 1, Q06.2 (3 marks): Figure 10 shows thermistor T in series with a fixed resistor R and a battery. The variation of V with I shown in Figure 9 applies to T in this circuit. Figure 1
June 2025, AS Paper 2, Q03.1 (2 marks): For this circuit, it can be shown that: 12I = 0.037I 2 + 130 Explain, using conservation of energy, why this equation is valid. [2 marks]
June 2025, AS Paper 2, Q03.2 (2 marks): Show that I is approximately 11 A. [2 marks]
June 2025, AS Paper 2, Q03.3 (2 marks): Determine the resistance of X when it operates at a power of 65 W. [2 marks] resistance of X = Ω
June 2025, AS Paper 2, Q03.4 (4 marks): The diameter of the filament of X decreases during use. This changes the resistance of X. The resistance of Y does not change. The emf and the internal resistan
June 2025, AS Paper 2, Q07 (1 mark): A long uniform metal wire XY is connected in parallel to two resistors M and N as shown. An ammeter connects the wire between M and N to a point P on XY. The re
June 2025, AS Paper 2, Q18 (1 mark): The characteristics of four electrical components A, B, C and D are shown in the table. The table shows values of potential difference V across each component a
June 2025, AS Paper 2, Q26 (1 mark): The diagram shows the currents in a set of wires. What is the current in wire W? [1 mark] A 1 A B 2 A C 5 A D 7 A
June 2025, AS Paper 2, Q30 (1 mark): A cell of negligible internal resistance is connected in parallel to a 20 Ω resistor and a resistor R. The emf of the cell is 6.0 V. The current in the cell is
June 2025, AS Paper 2, Q33 (1 mark): A battery with negligible internal resistance is connected to a resistor of resistance 2.0 kΩ. The current in the battery is 6.0 mA. A non-ideal voltmeter is th
June 2024, Paper 1, Q06.1 (2 marks): Calculate the resistance of the variable resistor. [2 marks] resistance = Ω
June 2024, Paper 1, Q06.2 (5 marks): The resistance R of the thermistor at temperature θ in K is given by: 0 0 1 1 = e B R R         − where R0 is the resistance at the initial temperature
June 2024, Paper 1, Q06.3 (2 marks): Explain why the current in the thermistor needs to be controlled. [2 marks]
June 2024, Paper 1, Q06.4 (2 marks): Explain how ammeters and voltmeters can be used in the circuit in Figure 5 to demonstrate the conservation of charge and the conservation of energy. Refer to po
June 2024, Paper 1, Q27 (1 mark): A 12 Ω resistor is connected across the terminals of a battery of emf 2.0 V and internal resistance 4.0 Ω. What is the pd across the resistor? [1 mark] A 0.25 V
June 2024, Paper 3A, Q01.4 (2 marks): When the switch is closed, the voltmeter reading is 397 mV. Show that, for the arrangement in Figure 4, the resistance R of the wire between the clips is about
June 2024, Paper 3A, Q01.5 (2 marks): Determine the resistance per metre of X. [2 marks] resistance per metre = Ω m−1
June 2024, Paper 3A, Q01.6 (4 marks): Table 1 shows the resistance per metre of various metal wires. The diameter of X is one of the values of d shown in Table 1. Table 1 Resistance per metre of wir
June 2024, Paper 3A, Q02.1 (1 mark): Explain why the reading displayed in Figure 6 shows that the ohm-meter is set to range C. [1 mark]
June 2024, Paper 3A, Q02.2 (2 marks): The quantity EV is a measure of the intensity of the light incident on the LDR. The SI unit of EV is the lux (lx). The resistance R of the LDR is given by log(R
June 2024, Paper 3A, Q02.3 (2 marks): Describe a method to show that Figure 7 confirms this relationship. You do not need to show any calculations. [2 marks]
June 2024, Paper 3A, Q02.4 (2 marks): Deduce the value of x when EV = 130 lx. [2 marks] x = mm
June 2024, Paper 3A, Q02.6 (2 marks): The positions of the lamp and the LDR are not changed during the experiment. Identify two other control variables. [2 marks] 1 2
June 2024, Paper 3A, Q02.7 (2 marks): For the arrangement in Figure 9 it can be shown that EV = 400 e−μN where N is the number of slides μ is a constant. Explain how μ can be determined from a linea
June 2024, Paper 3A, Q02.8 (2 marks): In an experiment μ = 9.0 × 10−2 Deduce the minimum number of slides needed to reduce EV by 50%. [2 marks] number of slides =
June 2024, AS Paper 1, Q05.1 (1 mark): The current in L1 is increased from 0 to 0.50 A. The potential difference V across L1 is 0.375 V when I is 0.50 A. Draw, on Figure 14, a V–I graph for L1 in the
June 2024, AS Paper 1, Q05.2 (2 marks): Calculate the power dissipated in L1 when I is 1.9 A. [2 marks] power dissipated = W Question 5 continues on page 21
June 2024, AS Paper 1, Q05.3 (2 marks): The variable resistor R in Figure 12 is adjusted until I is 1.5 A and V is 3.3 V. Calculate the resistance of R. [2 marks] resistance of R = Ω
June 2024, AS Paper 1, Q05.4 (3 marks): Figure 15 shows a second lamp L2, identical to L1, connected to the circuit. Figure 15 R is adjusted so that the potential difference across L1 is again 3.3 V.
June 2024, AS Paper 2, Q06 (1 mark): The current in a circuit is 0.33 A. How many electrons pass a point in the circuit in 7.0 minutes? [1 mark] A 1.4 × 1019 B 1.2 × 1020 C 8.7 × 1020 D 8.0 × 1021
June 2024, AS Paper 2, Q09 (1 mark): A circuit contains a battery with an emf of 12 V and negligible internal resistance. At a certain light intensity, the LDR has a resistance of 480 Ω and the vol
June 2024, AS Paper 2, Q13 (1 mark): A current of 4.0 A in a resistor produces a power of 8.0 W. What is the potential difference across this resistor when the power is 32 W? [1 mark] A 2.0 V B 4.0
June 2024, AS Paper 2, Q18 (1 mark): A circuit contains a battery and three identical resistors RX, RY and RZ. What is X Y power in R power in R ? [1 mark] A 0.25 B 0.5 C 2 D 4
June 2024, AS Paper 2, Q26 (1 mark): A resistance wire XY of length 25 cm has constant cross-section. The wire is connected to a battery of emf 6.0 V and negligible internal resistance. What is the
June 2024, AS Paper 2, Q27 (1 mark): The electric motor of a lift raises a load of 750 N at a constant speed. The load moves through a vertical distance of 3.0 m in 1.5 s. As the load is being rais
June 2024, AS Paper 2, Q28 (1 mark): An aluminium wire has a length of 12 cm and a volume of 3.7 × 10−4 m3. The resistivity of aluminium is 2.7 × 10−8 Ω m. What is the resistance of the wire? [1 ma
June 2024, AS Paper 2, Q33 (1 mark): A student investigates the characteristics of a power supply. The experimental data are plotted on a graph with: • pd (potential difference) across the power su
June 2023, Paper 1, Q03.1 (2 marks): In Figure 2 the cell has emf ε and internal resistance r. Figure 2 The current in the circuit is I. The potential difference (pd) across R1 is V1 and the pd acr
June 2023, Paper 1, Q03.2 (3 marks): The sliding contact C is moved to end B of the variable resistor. The switch is closed. The digital voltmeter reads 2.89 V. Show that r is approximately 4.8 Ω.
June 2023, Paper 1, Q03.3 (2 marks): C is set at 1 5 of the distance between A and B. The thickness of the conducting layer is uniform so the resistance between A and C is 25.0 Ω. Determine the vol
June 2023, Paper 1, Q03.4 (4 marks): Figure 5 shows a variable resistor similar to the one shown in Figure 3 but with the following three manufacturing faults: • at P the conducting layer changes i
June 2023, Paper 1, Q21 (1 mark): Which statement about a superconducting metal is correct? [1 mark] A Its resistivity is small but not zero. B A current in it causes no heating effect. C Its cr
June 2023, Paper 1, Q27 (1 mark): A box with four terminals is connected to a cell and two ammeters. The top left terminal is X. Each of the boxes A to D is connected into the circuit in turn. A
June 2023, Paper 1, Q29 (1 mark): A resistor dissipates 100 W when connected across a 25 V supply with negligible internal resistance. The supply output is reduced to 20 V and the resistor is re
June 2023, Paper 3A, Q02.1 (2 marks): Determine, in V s−1, the rate of increase of V. [2 marks] rate of increase of V = V s−1
June 2023, Paper 3A, Q02.2 (2 marks): State two advantages of using data logging for this experiment. [2 marks] 1 2
June 2023, Paper 3A, Q02.3 (4 marks): Figure 5 shows two circuits that can be used to collect current–voltage data. Figure 5 The dc supply has an emf of 12 V and negligible internal resistance. The
June 2023, Paper 3A, Q02.4 (3 marks): Complete Table 2. [3 marks]
June 2023, Paper 3A, Q02.5 (3 marks): Plot on Figure 6 a graph of P against V. You should use only the data in your completed Table 2. [3 marks] Figure 6
June 2023, Paper 3A, Q02.6 (2 marks): L is connected to a 12 V power supply of negligible internal resistance. L then dissipates its rated power Pr . A second lamp, identical to L, is now connected
June 2023, AS Paper 1, Q06.1 (1 mark): State what is meant by the emf (electromotive force) of a battery. [1 mark]
June 2023, AS Paper 1, Q06.2 (2 marks): Calculate the number of electrons that pass a point in the circuit in 37 minutes. [2 marks] number of electrons =
June 2023, AS Paper 1, Q06.3 (3 marks): Determine the power output of one LED when the torch is on. [3 marks] power output = W
June 2023, AS Paper 1, Q06.4 (4 marks): Determine the resistance of R in Figure 10. [4 marks] resistance = Ω
June 2023, AS Paper 1, Q06.5 (3 marks): Another appliance is connected to the battery as shown in Figure 12. The current in the battery is 3.5 A when switch S is closed. Figure 12 Each LED requires a
June 2023, AS Paper 2, Q11 (1 mark): A cell with negligible internal resistance is connected to two resistors of resistance 4R and R. The currents I1, I2 and I3 in the circuit are shown. Which equa
June 2023, AS Paper 2, Q18 (1 mark): A circuit contains a thermistor and a resistor in parallel. The internal resistance of the cell is negligible. The temperature of the thermistor is increased. T
June 2023, AS Paper 2, Q19 (1 mark): The table shows the lengths and cross-sectional areas of two wires X and Y of the same metal. Wire Length / cm Cross-sectional area / mm2 X 47 0.10 Y 23 0.40 Th
June 2023, AS Paper 2, Q20 (1 mark): A superconducting material has a critical temperature Tc. Which graph shows the variation of resistivity ρ with temperature T ? [1 mark] A B C D
June 2023, AS Paper 2, Q21 (1 mark): X, Y and Z are three networks of resistors. Which gives the networks in order of largest total resistance to smallest total resistance? [1 mark] A X, Y, Z B Y,
June 2023, AS Paper 2, Q28 (1 mark): Which row shows the resistance of an ideal ammeter and of an ideal voltmeter? [1 mark] Resistance of ammeter Resistance of voltmeter A zero zero B zero infinite
June 2023, AS Paper 2, Q29 (1 mark): The current in a resistor is 15 mA. How many electrons pass through the resistor in 3 minutes? [1 mark] A 2.8 × 1017 B 1.7 × 1019 C 2.8 × 1020 D 1.7 × 1022
June 2023, AS Paper 2, Q30 (1 mark): Three resistors are connected in series with a 9.0 V battery of negligible internal resistance. The resistance of the variable resistor is varied from 0 to 3.0
June 2023, AS Paper 2, Q31 (1 mark): The current–voltage characteristic between 0 and 6.0 V is required for a filament lamp. The lamp is connected in a circuit with a battery of emf 6.0 V and negli
June 2023, AS Paper 2, Q32 (1 mark): The diagram shows a circuit containing three resistors X, Y and Z. X and Y each have resistance R. Z has resistance 2R. What is power in ? power in X Z [1 mark]
June 2022, Paper 1, Q04.1 (1 mark): Show that the resistance of the 6.2 V, 4.5 W lamp at its working potential difference (pd) is about 9 Ω. [1 mark]
June 2022, Paper 1, Q04.2 (3 marks): The terminal pd across the battery is 6.2 V. Calculate the emf of the battery. [3 marks] emf = V
June 2022, Paper 1, Q04.3 (3 marks): She uses a resistance wire with a diameter of 0.19 mm to make the variable resistor. A 5.0 m length of this wire has a resistance of 9.0 Ω. Calculate the resist
June 2022, Paper 1, Q04.4 (2 marks): Figure 8 shows the 5.0 m length of wire wrapped around a tube to make the variable resistor. Figure 8 Two plugs connect the variable resistor into the circuit.
June 2022, Paper 1, Q04.5 (2 marks): The student now makes a different circuit by connecting the variable resistor in parallel with the lamp. The contact is returned to its original position on the
June 2022, Paper 1, Q29 (1 mark): The current in a metallic conductor is 1.5 mA. How many electrons pass a point in the conductor in two minutes? [1 mark] A 1.1 × 1018 B 1.9 × 1019 C 1.4 × 1020
June 2022, Paper 1, Q30 (1 mark): Which value of resistance cannot be made by combining three 10 Ω resistors? [1 mark] A 3.3 Ω B 6.7 Ω C 15 Ω D 25 Ω
June 2022, Paper 3A, Q03.4 (4 marks): A student is given some putty to form into cylinders. To find the resistance of a cylinder, metal discs are placed in contact with the ends of the cylinder and
June 2022, AS Paper 1, Q08.1 (2 marks): Figure 12 shows the variable resistor being used to investigate the variation of current with voltage for a filament lamp. The normal operating voltage of the l
June 2022, AS Paper 1, Q08.2 (2 marks): Figure 13 shows the variation of current with voltage for the lamp between 2 V and 12 V. Figure 13 Calculate the resistance of the lamp when the voltage across
June 2022, AS Paper 1, Q08.3 (3 marks): Explain, in terms of electron movement, why the resistance of the filament lamp changes as the voltage changes as shown in Figure 13. [3 marks]
June 2022, AS Paper 1, Q08.4 (2 marks): Figure 14 shows an alternative circuit used to investigate the variation of current with voltage for the lamp. Figure 14 The circuit components are the same as
June 2022, AS Paper 1, Q08.5 (2 marks): Calculate the power transferred by the battery when P is at position Y. [2 marks] power = W
June 2022, AS Paper 1, Q08.6 (3 marks): A student wants to control the brightness of the lamp. He gives two reasons why the circuit in Figure 14 is better than the circuit in Figure 12 for controlling
June 2022, AS Paper 2, Q02.1 (1 mark): Determine, in m, the length x of copper wire between P and Q. [1 mark] x = m
June 2022, AS Paper 2, Q02.2 (2 marks): When the voltmeter reading is zero: 3 1 2 4 = R R R R where R4 is the resistance of the copper wire between P and Q. Determine, in Ω m−1, the resistance per uni
June 2022, AS Paper 2, Q02.3 (3 marks): The diameter d of the copper wire is approximately 0.4 mm. Suggest: • a suitable measuring instrument to accurately determine d • how to reduce the effect of ra
June 2022, AS Paper 2, Q02.4 (2 marks): Determine the resistivity ρ of copper. diameter d of the copper wire = 0.38 mm [2 marks] ρ = Ω m The copper wire is replaced with a constantan wire of diameter
June 2022, AS Paper 2, Q02.5 (1 mark): Suggest one change to the circuit to make the voltmeter read zero for the same value of x as in Question 02.1. [1 mark]
June 2022, AS Paper 2, Q02.6 (1 mark): Calculate, in mm, the diameter of a constantan wire that has the same resistance per unit length as the copper wire. [1 mark] diameter = mm END OF SECTION A
June 2022, AS Paper 2, Q03.1 (2 marks): The battery is connected to a charger that maintains a constant potential difference of 5.0 V across the battery. It takes 2.6 hours for the battery to become f
June 2022, AS Paper 2, Q30 (1 mark): As the temperature of a copper wire increases, its resistance [1 mark] A remains constant. B increases. C decreases. D remains constant at first and then decrea
June 2022, AS Paper 2, Q31 (1 mark): A 12 Ω resistor is connected across the terminals of a cell that has an emf of 2.0 V and an internal resistance of 4.0 Ω. What is the terminal pd? [1 mark] A 0.
June 2022, AS Paper 2, Q32 (1 mark): The diagram shows the currents in part of a circuit. What is the potential difference between points P and Q? [1 mark] A 60 V B 70 V C 180 V D 270 V
June 2022, AS Paper 2, Q33 (1 mark): The currents in the four wires obey the relationship I1 + I2 + I3 + I4 = 0 This relationship is an expression of the law of conservation of [1 mark] A charge. B
June 2022, AS Paper 2, Q34 (1 mark): A practical power supply provides a steady current I for a time t to an external circuit. The emf of the power supply during t is equivalent to [1 mark] A the e
November 2021, Paper 1, Q06.1 (2 marks): Show that the current in the sensor circuit when the LDR is not illuminated by the light beam is approximately 16 µA. [2 marks]
November 2021, Paper 1, Q06.2 (3 marks): The alarm sounds when the potential difference Vs across the LDR changes by more than 25% of the power supply emf. Discuss whether the circuit shown in Figure 1
November 2021, Paper 1, Q27 (1 mark): The battery in this circuit has an emf of 4.2 V and negligible internal resistance. What are the readings on the voltmeter when the switch is open (off) and whe
November 2021, Paper 1, Q28 (1 mark): Two identical batteries each of emf 1.5 V and internal resistance 1.6 Ω are connected in parallel. A 2.4 Ω resistor is connected in parallel with this combinati
November 2021, Paper 1, Q29 (1 mark): Two resistors X and Y are connected in series with a power supply of emf 30 V and negligible internal resistance. The resistors are made from wire of the same m
November 2021, Paper 3A, Q02.5 (2 marks): Figure 5 shows a circuit with LR connected to a resistor of resistance R. Figure 5 The power supply has emf 6.10 V and negligible internal resistance. The curre
November 2021, Paper 3A, Q03.1 (1 mark): The voltmeter is set to the more sensitive range and then used in a circuit. What is the potential difference (pd) between the terminals of the voltmeter when a
November 2021, AS Paper 1, Q06.1 (2 marks): State what is meant by an emf of 5.30 V for this battery. [2 marks]
November 2021, AS Paper 1, Q06.2 (2 marks): Figure 13 shows the battery connected into a circuit. Figure 13 The ammeter is ideal. The voltmeter is non-ideal and has a resistance R. The reading on the volt
November 2021, AS Paper 1, Q06.3 (3 marks): Show that the resistance R of the voltmeter is approximately 300 Ω. [3 marks]
November 2021, AS Paper 1, Q06.4 (2 marks): The voltmeter is now connected across the battery terminals. Calculate the power dissipated in the voltmeter. [2 marks] power = W
November 2021, AS Paper 1, Q06.5 (2 marks): The voltmeter is now connected across the 640 Ω resistor as shown in Figure 14. Figure 14 The reading on the voltmeter is 2.10 V. When the voltmeter was connect
November 2021, AS Paper 2, Q04.4 (4 marks): The motor is connected to a 110 V dc supply that has negligible internal resistance. The maximum operating current in the motor is 5.0 A. The efficiency of the
November 2021, AS Paper 2, Q20 (1 mark): In the circuit shown, the cell has an emf of 12 V and an internal resistance which is not negligible. When the resistance of the variable resistor is 10 Ω the v
November 2021, AS Paper 2, Q29 (1 mark): The diagram shows the currents in a set of wires. What is the magnitude of the current at X? [1 mark] A zero B 2 A C 3 A D 6 A
November 2021, AS Paper 2, Q30 (1 mark): Resistors of resistance R, R and 3R are connected as shown. What is the resistance of the arrangement? [1 mark] A 3 7 R B 7 3 R C 5 6 R D 6 5 R
November 2021, AS Paper 2, Q31 (1 mark): The graph shows the current–voltage (I–V) characteristics for two components. The two components are connected in parallel with a 12 V battery that has negligib
November 2021, AS Paper 2, Q34 (1 mark): Superconductors are used to [1 mark] A increase the strength of electricity cables. B make light dependent resistors. C produce strong magnetic fields. D increa
November 2020, Paper 1, Q05.1 (1 mark): Show that the resistance of one of the lamps when it is operating at 12 V is about 100 Ω. [1 mark]
November 2020, Paper 1, Q05.2 (2 marks): Initially the power supply is connected to the lamps using two short copper wires of negligible resistance. Calculate the current in the power supply. [2 marks]
November 2020, Paper 1, Q05.3 (3 marks): The two short copper wires are replaced with two long constantan wires. Show that the resistance of each length of constantan wire is about 50 Ω. length of each
November 2020, Paper 1, Q05.4 (4 marks): The demonstration is intended to show that the lamps are significantly dimmer when connected using the long constantan wires than when using the short copper wi
November 2020, Paper 1, Q05.5 (3 marks): Scientists and engineers are investigating the use of superconductors in electrical transmission. Discuss one advantage and one difficulty when using supercondu
November 2020, Paper 1, Q11 (1 mark): What quantity is measured in kW h? [1 mark] A charge B current C energy D power
November 2020, Paper 1, Q23 (1 mark): An electric motor lifts a load of weight W through a vertical height h in time t. The potential difference across the motor is V and the current in it is I. Wha
November 2020, Paper 1, Q27 (1 mark): In the circuit below, the voltmeter reading is zero. When the temperature of the thermistor T is increased, the voltmeter reading changes. Which change to the c
November 2020, Paper 1, Q28 (1 mark): A resistor of resistance R and three identical cells of emf E and internal resistance r are connected as shown. What is the current in the resistor? [1 mark] A
November 2020, Paper 1, Q29 (1 mark): In the circuit, the reading of the voltmeter is V. When the switch is closed the reading becomes 3 V . What is the internal resistance of the cell? [1 mark] A 0
November 2020, Paper 3A, Q03.1 (1 mark): Complete Figure 10 to show a circuit including a voltmeter and an ammeter that is suitable for the investigation. [1 mark]
November 2020, Paper 3A, Q03.2 (4 marks): Describe • a procedure to obtain valid experimental data using your circuit • how these data are processed to obtain ε and r by a graphical method. [4 marks]
November 2020, Paper 3A, Q03.3 (2 marks): Show that ε is about 1.6 V. [2 marks]
November 2020, Paper 3A, Q03.4 (1 mark): Figure 13 shows the circuit when four resistors are connected. Figure 13 Show, using Figure 12, that the current in the power supply is about 0.25 A. [1 mark]
November 2020, Paper 3A, Q03.5 (4 marks): Deduce, for the circuit shown in Figure 13, • the potential difference (pd) across the power supply • r. [4 marks] pd = V r = Ω
November 2020, Paper 3A, Q03.6 (3 marks): Figure 14 shows the plots for n = 1 and n = 14 Figure 14 Three additional data sets for values of n between n = 1 and n = 14 are needed to complete the graph in
November 2020, Paper 3A, Q03.7 (2 marks): The experiment is repeated using a set of resistors of resistance 27 Ω. The relationship between n and I is now 27 r n I = − Show on Figure 14 the effect on the
November 2020, AS Paper 1, Q05.1 (2 marks): State what is meant by an emf of 1.5 V. [2 marks]
November 2020, AS Paper 1, Q05.2 (1 mark): The current in the circuit is 0.31 A. Show that the total power output of the cell is approximately 0.47 W. [1 mark]
November 2020, AS Paper 1, Q05.3 (2 marks): Calculate the energy dissipated per second in resistor R. [2 marks] energy dissipated per second = J s−1
November 2020, AS Paper 1, Q05.4 (2 marks): The cell stores 14 kJ of energy when it is fully charged. The cell’s emf and internal resistance are constant as the cell is discharged. Calculate the maximum t
November 2020, AS Paper 1, Q05.5 (4 marks): A student uses two cells, each of emf 1.5 V and internal resistance 0.65 Ω, to operate a lamp. The circuit is shown in Figure 7. Figure 7 The lamp is rated at 1
November 2020, AS Paper 1, Q05.6 (3 marks): The lamp operates at normal brightness across a pd range of 1.3 V to 1.5 V. State and explain how more of these cells can be added to the circuit to make the la
November 2020, AS Paper 2, Q02.1 (2 marks): Explain why the student included the fixed resistor in this circuit. [2 marks]
November 2020, AS Paper 2, Q02.2 (3 marks): Determine the magnitude of the minimum gradient Gmin of a line that passes through all the error bars in Figure 5. [3 marks] magnitude of Gmin =
November 2020, AS Paper 2, Q02.3 (2 marks): The maximum gradient Gmax / V A−1 of a line passing through all the error bars in Figure 5 is –1.3 Determine, using Gmax and Gmin, the internal resistance of th
November 2020, AS Paper 2, Q02.4 (3 marks): The line of best fit passes through the data point (0.94, 0.37). Determine the emf of the cell. [3 marks] emf = V END OF SECTION A Section B Answer all question
November 2020, AS Paper 2, Q04.3 (2 marks): The PMT consists of an evacuated glass tube containing the photocathode, an anode and three metal electrodes, as shown in Figure 8. Figure 8 The electrodes, ano
November 2020, AS Paper 2, Q04.4 (4 marks): The electron hits the first electrode and causes the release of several electrons. Figure 9 shows how a series of accelerations and collisions produces a large
November 2020, AS Paper 2, Q28 (1 mark): The table shows corresponding values of potential difference V and current I for four electrical components A, B, C and D. A B C D V / V I / A I / A I / A I / A
November 2020, AS Paper 2, Q29 (1 mark): Which row shows the resistances of an ideal ammeter and an ideal voltmeter? [1 mark] Ideal ammeter Ideal voltmeter A infinite infinite B infinite zero C zero in
November 2020, AS Paper 2, Q30 (1 mark): The capacity of a portable charger is rated in ampere hours (A h). A charger of capacity 1 A h can provide 1 A for 1 hour at its working voltage. One charger ha
November 2020, AS Paper 2, Q31 (1 mark): A filament lamp with resistance 12 Ω is operated at a power of 36 W. How much charge flows through the filament lamp during 15 minutes? [1 mark] A 26 C B 1.6 kC
November 2020, AS Paper 2, Q32 (1 mark): A resistor with resistance R is made from metal wire of resistivity . The length of the wire is L. What is the diameter of the wire? [1 mark] A 2 R L B 2 L R C
November 2020, AS Paper 2, Q33 (1 mark): The potential difference between points X and Y is V. What is the potential difference between P and Q? [1 mark] A zero B 3 V C 2 V D 2 3 V
November 2020, AS Paper 2, Q34 (1 mark): The diagram shows a temperature-sensing circuit. The temperature of the thermistor is decreased. Which row shows the changes to the ammeter reading and the volt
June 2019, Paper 1, Q07.1 (2 marks): Explain why the reading on the voltmeter decreases as the brightness of the lamp increases. [2 marks]
June 2019, Paper 1, Q07.2 (2 marks): The variable resistor is adjusted so that the lamp is at its brightest. The reading V1 on the voltmeter is noted. A second identical cell is then connected in p
June 2019, Paper 1, Q21 (1 mark): A rubber belt in an electrostatic machine has a width of 0.1 m and moves with speed 0.4 m s–1. Each square metre of the belt carries a charge Q coulomb. The cha
June 2019, Paper 1, Q23 (1 mark): The diagram shows part of a circuit and the currents in the circuit. What is the potential difference between point P and earth? [1 mark] A 60 V B 100 V C 120 V
June 2019, Paper 1, Q24 (1 mark): A voltmeter has a resistance of 4.0 kΩ and reads 1.0 V for every scale division on the meter. A power supply of emf 20 V and negligible internal resistance is c
June 2019, Paper 1, Q25 (1 mark): Two cylindrical wires P and Q are of equal length and made of the same material. The diameter of P is greater than that of Q. P and Q are connected in series an
June 2019, Paper 1, Q26 (1 mark): In the circuit below, the initial voltmeter reading is zero. The temperature of the negative temperature coefficient thermistor T is then increased. Which chang
June 2019, Paper 1, Q27 (1 mark): An electric motor lifts a load of weight W through a vertical height h in time t. The potential difference across the motor is V and the current through it is I
June 2019, AS Paper 1, Q02.1 (3 marks): The designers state that the battery can produce a current of 2.0 A in the heating element for 240 minutes. Calculate the energy dissipated in the heating eleme
June 2019, AS Paper 1, Q02.2 (2 marks): The length of the heating element needed is about 0.85 m. The designer considers using a carbon fibre tape for the heating element. Table 1 gives information fo
June 2019, AS Paper 1, Q02.3 (4 marks): A light emitting diode (LED) is used to indicate that the switch in the glove is closed, as shown in Figure 1. Resistor R limits the current in the LED. Figure
June 2019, AS Paper 2, Q02.1 (1 mark): Draw a best-fit line for the data on Figure 3. [1 mark]
June 2019, AS Paper 2, Q02.2 (1 mark): Identify the data point with the greatest value of current and voltage at which R obeys Ohm’s law. Draw a circle around this data point on Figure 3. [1 mark]
June 2019, AS Paper 2, Q02.3 (2 marks): When R obeys Ohm’s law it has a resistance of 22.2 Ω. Determine the percentage increase in the resistance of R from its 22.2 Ω value to its value when the curre
June 2019, AS Paper 2, Q02.4 (4 marks): One of the circuits A to D shown in Figure 4 was used to obtain the current–voltage data in Figure 3. The maximum resistance of resistor P is twice the resistan
June 2019, AS Paper 2, Q04.1 (3 marks): Determine the total energy input by the 24 V battery to the motor in the first 200 ms. [3 marks] total energy input = J
June 2019, AS Paper 2, Q04.3 (3 marks): Either of the circuits shown in Figure 10a and Figure 10b could be used to reduce the initial current surge. Figure 10a Figure 10b The thermistor and the fixed
June 2019, AS Paper 2, Q29 (1 mark): Which is the current–voltage characteristic graph for a filament lamp up to its working voltage? [1 mark] A B C D A B C D
June 2019, AS Paper 2, Q30 (1 mark): Three identical cells, each of emf 1.5 V and internal resistance 6.0 Ω, are connected to resistor R. The resistance of R is 6.0 Ω. What is the current in R? [1
June 2019, AS Paper 2, Q31 (1 mark): A power of 100 kW at a potential difference of 10 kV is transmitted to a load resistor through cables of total resistance 5.0 Ω. What is the power loss in the c
June 2019, AS Paper 2, Q32 (1 mark): Resistors X and Y are connected in series with a 6.0 V battery of negligible internal resistance. X has resistance R and Y has resistance R 2 . A voltmeter of r
June 2019, AS Paper 2, Q33 (1 mark): The reading on the voltmeter halves when switch S is closed. What is the internal resistance of the cell? [1 mark] A 0.50 Ω B 1.0 Ω C 2.0 Ω D 4.0 Ω
June 2019, AS Paper 2, Q34 (1 mark): In the circuit shown, a potential difference of 3.0 V is applied across XY. What is the current in the 5 Ω resistor? [1 mark] A 0.38 A B 0.60 A C 0.75 A D 2.7 A
June 2018, Paper 1, Q04.1 (3 marks): The 0.25 kΩ resistor is made of 50 turns of wire that is wound around a non-conducting cylinder of diameter 8.0 mm Resistivity of the wire = 4.2 × 10–7 Ω m Dete
June 2018, Paper 1, Q04.2 (2 marks): The student selects a resistor rated at 0.36 W for the 0.25 kΩ resistor in Figure 7. Determine whether this resistor is suitable. [2 marks]
June 2018, Paper 1, Q04.3 (5 marks): Determine the value of R that the student should select. Give your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures. [5 marks] value of R = Ω
June 2018, Paper 1, Q04.4 (2 marks): State and explain the effect on the output pd of increasing the temperature of the thermistor. [2 marks]
June 2018, Paper 1, Q25 (1 mark): A gas containing doubly-charged ions flows to give an electric current of 0.64 A How many ions pass a point in 1.0 minute? [1 mark] A 2.0 × 1018 B 4.0 × 1018 C
June 2018, Paper 1, Q26 (1 mark): A mobile phone operates at a constant power of 200 mW It has a 3.7 V lithium-ion battery that has a charge capacity of 9400 C What is the time taken for the bat
June 2018, Paper 1, Q27 (1 mark): The two resistors shown are both uniform cylinders of equal length made from the same conducting putty. The diameter of Y is twice that of X. The resistance of
June 2018, Paper 1, Q28 (1 mark): A voltmeter is used to measure potential difference for a component X. Which row gives the position and ideal resistance for the voltmeter? [1 mark] Position Id
June 2018, AS Paper 1, Q06.1 (4 marks): Table 1 shows the operating conditions for the lamps when they are at normal brightness. Table 1 Lamps Operating voltage / V Power / W A and C 6.0 6.0 B and D 3
June 2018, AS Paper 1, Q06.2 (3 marks): The student connects another lamp E in the circuit as shown in Figure 7. Lamp E is identical to lamps A and C. Figure 7 Explain what the student would observe r
June 2018, AS Paper 1, Q06.3 (3 marks): Lamp B in Figure 7 fails so that it no longer conducts. This change does not affect the resistance of the other lamps. Deduce the effect on the current in the b
June 2018, AS Paper 2, Q03.4 (2 marks): A spark counter consists of a wire gauze separated from a metal wire by a small air gap. A power supply with an output of 4500 V is connected in series with a 5
June 2018, AS Paper 2, Q03.5 (3 marks): The radioactive source was positioned 10 cm above the wire gauze before being moved slowly towards the wire gauze leading to the ionisation event in question 03
June 2018, AS Paper 2, Q28 (1 mark): Which graph shows how power dissipated P varies with current I in a component that obeys Ohm’s law? [1 mark] A B C D
June 2018, AS Paper 2, Q29 (1 mark): 1.0 kilowatt-hour (kW h) is equivalent to [1 mark] A 6.3 × 1018 eV B 6.3 × 1021 eV C 2.3 × 1022 eV D 2.3 × 1025 eV
June 2018, AS Paper 2, Q30 (1 mark): The graph shows how the potential difference V across an electrical component varies with current I in the component. A tangent has been drawn on the curve at p
June 2018, AS Paper 2, Q31 (1 mark): A circuit consists of a cell, a thermistor, a fixed resistor and two ammeters. The cell has a constant electromotive force and negligible internal resistance. R
June 2018, AS Paper 2, Q32 (1 mark): A circuit consists of two identical cells, a resistor, an ammeter and a voltmeter. The cells each have an emf of 3.0 V and the resistor has a resistance of 12 Ω
June 2018, AS Paper 2, Q34 (1 mark): The circuit shows a cell with negligible internal resistance connected in a circuit with three resistors, an ammeter and a voltmeter. Which row shows the readin
June 2017, Paper 1, Q04.1 (2 marks): Explain how the engineer uses the graph to obtain the values for the emf and internal resistance of the solar cell. [2 marks]
June 2017, Paper 1, Q04.2 (4 marks): Deduce, using calculations, whether the circuits in Figure 5 and Figure 6 are suitable for this application. [4 marks]
June 2017, Paper 1, Q04.3 (3 marks): Solar cells convert solar energy to useful electrical energy in the road sign with an efficiency of 4.0%. The solar-cell supply used by the engineer has a total
June 2017, Paper 1, Q25 (1 mark): In the circuit below, the potential difference across the light emitting diode (LED) is 1.8 V when it is emitting light. The current in the circuit is 20 mA. Wh
June 2017, Paper 1, Q26 (1 mark): The combined resistance of n identical resistors connected in parallel is Rn. Which statement correctly describes the variation of Rn as n increases? [1 mark] A
June 2017, Paper 1, Q27 (1 mark): The table shows the resistivity, length and cross-sectional area of wires P and Q. resistivity length cross-sectional area wire P ρ L A wire Q 4 L 2 A The resis
June 2017, Paper 1, Q28 (1 mark): The circuit shown is used to supply a variable potential difference (pd) to another circuit. Which graph shows how the pd supplied V varies as the moving contac
June 2017, Paper 1, Q29 (1 mark): In this resistor network, the emf of the supply is 12 V and it has negligible internal resistance. What is the reading on a voltmeter connected between points X
June 2017, AS Paper 1, Q02.1 (4 marks): Explain, in terms of electron motion, why the I–V characteristic for the filament lamp is a curve. [4 marks]
June 2017, AS Paper 1, Q02.2 (1 mark): Determine the resistance of the resistor. [1 mark] resistance = Ω
June 2017, AS Paper 1, Q02.3 (3 marks): The resistor and the filament lamp are connected in series with a supply of variable emf and negligible internal resistance. Determine the emf that produces a c
June 2017, AS Paper 1, Q02.4 (3 marks): The resistor and filament lamp are now connected in parallel. Determine the resistance of the parallel combination when the emf of the supply is adjusted to be
June 2017, AS Paper 1, Q02.5 (3 marks): The resistance of the filament lamp at its working temperature is 14 Ω. The filament has a length of 0.36 m and a diameter of 32 µm. Calculate the resistivity o
June 2017, AS Paper 2, Q01.1 (1 mark): Calculate the largest value of R that the student can obtain using two resistors. [1 mark] largest value of R = Ω
June 2017, AS Paper 2, Q01.2 (2 marks): Calculate the smallest value of R that the student can obtain using two resistors. [2 marks] smallest value of R = Ω
June 2017, AS Paper 2, Q01.3 (1 mark): With switch S closed (in the on position) and no resistors connected between X and Y the voltmeter reading V is 1.62 V. The student concludes that this voltmete
June 2017, AS Paper 2, Q01.4 (1 mark): Figure 2 shows one particular combination and arrangement of two resistors that the student could use. Figure 2 When S is closed the voltmeter reading V is 1.14
June 2017, AS Paper 2, Q01.5 (1 mark): It can be shown that R V r V × = − where r is the internal resistance of the power supply. Determine (ε – V ) and R V for this circuit using the data given in q
June 2017, AS Paper 2, Q01.6 (1 mark): The student obtains values of V for five further different values of R. These data were used to produce the graph of (ε – V ) against R V in Figure 3. Plot the
June 2017, AS Paper 2, Q01.7 (2 marks): Use Figure 3 to determine r. [2 marks] r = Ω Figure 3
June 2017, AS Paper 2, Q01.8 (2 marks): Figure 4 shows a different method for varying the resistance R described in question 01 on page 2. Figure 4 The four resistors are connected in a loop with sock
June 2017, AS Paper 2, Q07 (1 mark): Three cells each have an emf ε = 1.5 V and an internal resistance r = 0.6 Ω. Which combination of these cells will deliver a total emf of 1.5 V and a maximum cu
June 2017, AS Paper 2, Q12 (1 mark): The current in the cell is 10 A as shown. What is the current in the 2.0 Ω resistor? [1 mark] A 0.35 A B 2.86 A C 3.50 A D 7.14 A
June 2017, AS Paper 2, Q18 (1 mark): A battery of negligible internal resistance and an emf of 12 V is connected in series with a heating element. The heating element has a resistance of 6.5 Ω when
June 2017, AS Paper 2, Q31 (1 mark): Which statement about superconductors is correct? [1 mark] A When a material becomes a superconductor, its resistivity is almost zero. B The temperature at whic
June 2017, AS Paper 2, Q32 (1 mark): A wire has a resistance R. What is the resistance when both the length and radius of the wire are doubled? [1 mark] A R 4 B R 2 C 2R D 4R
June 2017, AS Paper 2, Q33 (1 mark): Which graph shows the variation of the resistance with temperature for an ntc thermistor? [1 mark] A B C D
June 2017, AS Paper 2, Q34 (1 mark): The figure shows a light dependent resistor (LDR) and fixed resistor R connected in series across a cell. The internal resistance of the cell is negligible. Whi
June 2016, AS Paper 1, Q04.1 (3 marks): The wire in an unused probe has a resistance of 0.070 Ω and a length of 0.50 m. Calculate the diameter of the wire. [3 marks] resistivity of metal in the wire =
June 2016, AS Paper 1, Q04.2 (1 mark): In order to measure the resistance of a used working probe, it is connected in the circuit shown in Figure 7. When R3 is adjusted to a particular value the curr
June 2016, AS Paper 1, Q04.3 (1 mark): The resistance of R2 is 22 Ω and the resistance of R3 is 1.2 Ω. Calculate the current in R3. [1 mark] current = ____________________ A
June 2016, AS Paper 1, Q04.4 (3 marks): Calculate the resistance of the probe when the resistance of R1 is 2.4 Ω. [3 marks] resistance = ____________________ Ω
June 2016, AS Paper 1, Q04.5 (2 marks): Calculate the percentage change in the diameter of the probe when its resistance increases by 1.6 %. [2 marks] percentage change = ____________________ %
June 2016, AS Paper 1, Q04.6 (2 marks): A voltmeter is connected between points A and B in the circuit and R3 stays at 1.2 Ω. Explain, without calculation, why the reading on the voltmeter does not ch
June 2016, AS Paper 2, Q02.1 (1 mark): Plot the points corresponding to θ = 258 °C and θ = 298 °C on Figure 5. [1 mark]
June 2016, AS Paper 2, Q02.2 (1 mark): Draw a suitable best fit line on Figure 5. [1 mark]
June 2016, AS Paper 2, Q02.3 (1 mark): Determine the maximum value of ε. [1 mark] maximum value of ε = µV
June 2016, AS Paper 2, Q02.4 (1 mark): The gradient G of the graph in Figure 5 is measured for values of θ between 220 °C and 380 °C. A graph of G against θ is plotted in Figure 6. The neutral temper
June 2016, AS Paper 2, Q02.5 (2 marks): It can be shown that G is given by G = βθ +α where α and β are constants. Determine α. [2 marks] α = ____________________ μV °C−1
June 2016, AS Paper 2, Q02.6 (1 mark): A student decides to carry out a similar experiment. The student thinks the meter in Figure 7 could be used as the microvoltmeter to measure ε. Figure 7 When th
June 2016, AS Paper 2, Q04.3 (1 mark): The RTG has a constant output voltage of 32 V. Calculate the current when the output power is 100 W. [1 mark] current = ____________________ A
June 2016, AS Paper 2, Q04.4 (2 marks): Calculate the maximum number of components, each of resistance 45 Ω, that can be connected in parallel across the RTG before the maximum output power is reached
June 2016, AS Paper 2, Q28 (1 mark): The current in a wire is 20 mA. How many electrons pass a point in the wire in 2 minutes? [1 mark] A 2.5 × 1017 B 1.5 × 1019 C 2.5 × 1020 D 1.5 × 1022
June 2016, AS Paper 2, Q29 (1 mark): A resistor and diode are connected in series with a variable power supply as shown in the diagram. Which best shows the characteristic for the combination of th
June 2016, AS Paper 2, Q30 (1 mark): A cell C of negligible resistance and a switch are in series with a resistor R. The switch is moved to the on (closed) position for a time t. Which change reduc
June 2016, AS Paper 2, Q31 (1 mark): The National Grid uses high-voltage transmission lines to carry electrical power around the UK. A particular transmission line delivers 800 MW of power at 132 k
June 2016, AS Paper 2, Q32 (1 mark): A potential divider circuit consists of a battery connected across a thermistor and variable resistor in series. Which of the following causes the potential dif
June 2016, AS Paper 2, Q33 (1 mark): A student investigates how the potential difference V across the terminals of a cell varies with the current I in the cell. Which graph correctly shows how V va
June 2016, AS Paper 2, Q34 (1 mark): A battery is connected to a 10 Ω resistor and a switch in series. A voltmeter is connected across the battery. When the switch is open (off) the voltmeter reads
Specimen, Paper 1, Q03.1 (1 mark): The cells in the circuit shown in Figure 2 have zero internal resistance. Currents are in the directions shown by the arrows. Figure 2 R1 is a variable resistor
Specimen, Paper 1, Q03.2 (1 mark): The cells in the circuit shown in Figure 2 have zero internal resistance. Currents are in the directions shown by the arrows. Figure 2 R1 is a variable resistor
Specimen, Paper 1, Q03.3 (2 marks): The cells in the circuit shown in Figure 2 have zero internal resistance. Currents are in the directions shown by the arrows. Figure 2 R1 is a variable resistor
Specimen, Paper 1, Q03.4 (3 marks): The cells in the circuit shown in Figure 2 have zero internal resistance. Currents are in the directions shown by the arrows. Figure 2 R1 is a variable resistor
Specimen, Paper 1, Q15 (1 mark): In the circuit shown in the diagram the cell has negligible internal resistance. What happens to the reading of both meters when the resistance of R is decrease
Specimen, Paper 1, Q16 (1 mark): In the circuit shown, V is a voltmeter with a very high resistance. The internal resistance of the cell, r, is equal to the external resistance in the circuit.

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